紅豆播種裝置之性能測試與改良

Performance Test and Improvement of an Adzuki Bean Sowing Device

柳宇承(Yu-Cheng Liu) ； 葉仲基(Chung-Kee Yeh)

《台灣農學會報》 15卷4期 (2014/12) Pp. 391-410

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.201412_15(4).0003

摘要

紅豆是臺灣南部秋冬季的重要經濟作物之一，主要產於高雄屏東地區，且大部分供應給國內市場。本研究之播種機構的種子能符合紅豆不整地穴播之行株距30×21 cm，每穴兩粒。機械式星輪團播裝置之轉盤厚度有7 mm與3 mm兩種，於4 km/h、5 km/h、6 km/h、 7 km/h、8 km/h 及9 km/h的工作速度下，探討其播種量、準確度、缺種率和多重播種率之情況。實驗中以輸送皮帶承接種子，並以一台交流伺服馬達驅動輸送皮帶和播種裝置之驅動軸，之間的齒輪組使輸送皮帶每次移動21 cm時播種裝置落種一次，當紅豆分布於整條輸送皮帶上面時，量測種子間距，並以軟體（MATLAB）進行數據之計算與統整。實驗結果顯示，在播種量方面，7 mm厚之轉盤播種量遠超過理想之播種量，而3 mm厚者之播種在較低工作速度能達到理想之播種量，而在較高速時播種量則下降至每穴1至2粒之播種量。種子分布實驗顯示3 mm厚之轉盤能達到70%左右之準確度，較7 mm厚者之準確度已大幅提高約20%；而多重播種率7 mm者約80%，3 mm者則下降至約30%，雖可達到節省種子之目的，但3 mm厚之轉盤其缺種率反而會隨工作速度提高，於9 km/h時缺種率約達7%。本研究建議當利用此播種機構進行播種且以不整地每穴2粒之方式時，則可使用厚度為3 mm的播種轉盤，且當工作速度維持在8 km/h以下時可接近理想之播種密度。

關鍵字

紅豆 ； 播種轉盤 ； 軟體(MATLAB) ； 不整地穴播

並列摘要

The Adzuki bean is one of the important economic crops in the southern part of Taiwan between autumn and winter. The major places where Adzuki beans are planted are Kaohsiung and Pingtung, and most of them are sold in the domestic market in Taiwan. The sowing device in this study was operated according to the non-tillage dibbling method, with row spaces of 30 cm, seed spaces of 21 cm, and two seeds in each group. The seeding quantity, sowing accuracy, miss rate, and multiple sowing rate of this mechanical star-wheel sowing device with different discs: thickness of 7 mm and 3 mm, at each working speed: 4 km/h, 5 km/h, 6 km/h, 7 km/h, 8 km/h and 9 km/h were investigated. In the test, a belt was placed under the device to catch the beans, and an AC motor was used for driving the belt and the device. Gears between the belt and the motor allowed the sowing device to drop beans each time the belt moved forward about 21 cm. After the Adzuki beans were distributed on the whole belt, we measured the seeds spaces manually and calculated the results using MATLAB software. The result in the seeding quantity test indicated the device with the 7 mm disc sowed too many seeds. The seeds sowed by the 3 mm disc corresponded more closely with the ideal quantity. However, when the working speed increased, the total seeds sowed deceased to 1~2 seeds in a group. The test of seed distribution showed the 3 mm disc achieved superior accuracy of up to 70%, compared to the 20% accuracy of the 7 mm disc. Moreover, the multiple sowing rate with the 7 mm disc was about 80% and the 3 mm disc could reduce it to 30%, making it possible to save more seeds. However, when the working speed reached 9 km/h, the miss rate of the 3 mm disc reached 7%. Therefore, this study recommends the non-tillage two seeds dibbling method. The use of a disc with a thickness of 3 mm is a better choice, and if the working speed is kept under 8 km/h, near ideal seed distribution conditions can be obtained.

並列關鍵字

Adzuki bean ； sowing device ； software (MATLAB) ； non-tillage dibbling