孵化至給飼及飲水間期對土雞生長性能之影響

Effect of Time Span from Hatch to Water and Feed Supply on the Growth Performance of Native Chickens

林義福(Yih-Fwu Lin) ； 劉曉龍(Hsiao-Lung Liu) ； 洪哲明(Che-Ming Hung) ； 蔡銘洋(Ming-Yang Tsai) ； 謝昭賢(Chao-Hsien Hsieh)

《台灣農學會報》 15卷4期 (2014/12) Pp. 411-421

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.201412_15(4).0004

摘要

本試驗旨在探討雛雞從孵化後至在農場接觸飼料、飲水之間隔時間對生長性能之影響。使用行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所（以下略稱畜試所）同週齡畜試土雞台畜母12號產蛋母雞100隻，並以畜試土雞台畜公11號混合精液做人工授精，每隔5天再做一次人工授精。第一次授精後，第三天起每天收集種蛋至儲蛋室（17℃）貯存，持續收集至達700顆後，將種蛋移至孵化器孵化。於第21天雛雞陸續孵化時，逢機取相近時間點孵化，絨毛乾燥後雛雞共300隻分成5組，每組60隻分飼於三欄，每欄20隻雞。第1至第5組使雛雞分別於第8、20、32、44及56小時能接觸飲水及飼料。試驗雞隻均餵飼相同玉米-大豆粕實用飼糧，並於第0、2、4、8、12及16週齡測定體重、飼料採食量及育成率。結果顯示於16週齡平均體重方面，56小時處理組公雞平均體重1,866g，顯著較20及32小時組重（P＜0.05），母雞1,386g亦較其他各組重，但無統計上顯著差異；公母混合平均體重以56小時處理組顯著較8及20小時處理組重（P＜0.05）。於平均增重方面，0～16週齡56小時處理組公雞平均增重1,830g，顯著較20及32小時組重（P＜0.05），母雞1,350g亦較其他各組重，但無統計上顯著差異；公母混合平均增重以56小時處理組顯著較8及20小時處理組重（P＜0.05）。飼料轉換率隨週齡增加而增加，全期（0～16週齡）介於3.98至4.33間，但處理間無統計上顯著差異。0～4週齡育成率各處理組均為100%，顯示孵化後8小時至56小時期間開始給飼及給水並不會對雛雞之存活率造成負面影響，0～16週齡育成率則以56小時處理組98.3%最高。本試驗顯示，以較緩速生長之土雞，孵化後至56小時再給水及飼料對生長及育成率並無負面影響。

關鍵字

雛雞 ； 生長性能 ； 孵化

並列摘要

This experiment investigated the effect of time span from hatch to water and feed supply on the growth performance of native chickens. One hundred Livestock Research Institute (LRI) Taishu No. 12 native chicken hens of the same age were artificially inseminated with pooled semen of Taishu No. 11 native chicken cockerels every five days. The eggs were collected everyday from the third day of the first insemination and stored in a cool room (17℃) until 700 eggs were obtained. The eggs were then incubated and hatched on the 21st days. Three hundred chicks hatching at roughly the same time were randomly divided into five groups. Each group was assigned 60 chicks in three pens. Each pen had 20 chicks. Groups 1 to 5 were provided water and feed after 8, 20, 32, 44 and 56 hours, respectively. All birds were fed the same corn-soybean practical diet. Body weight, feed intake and livability were determined at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. For average body weight at 16 weeks of age, the results indicated males at 56 hours of treatment were 1,866 g and significantly higher than those of 20 and 32 hours of treatments (P ＜ 0.05). Females at 56 hours of treatment were 1,386 g and higher than the other treatments without significant difference. The combination of males and females showed average body weight at 56 hours of treatment was significantly higher than those of 20 and 32 hours of treatments (P ＜ 0.05). For average body weight gain from 0-16 weeks of age, the results indicated males at 56 hours of treatment were 1,830 g and significantly higher than those of 20 and 32 hours of treatments (P ＜ 0.05). Females at 56 hours of treatment were 1,350 g and higher than the other treatments without significant differences. The average body weight gains of the combination of males and females showed 56 hours of treatment were significantly higher than those of 8 and 20 hours of treatments (P ＜ 0.05). Feed conversion ratio increased as the age increased. Feed conversion ratio was between 3.98 and 4.33 from 0-16 weeks of age and showed no significant difference among the treatments. All treatment groups had 100% livability from 0-4 weeks of age. This indicated providing water and feed 8 to 56 hours after hatching had no adverse effect on the livability of chicks. The highest livability during 0-16 weeks of age was 98.3% at 56 hours of treatment. It showed, for slow-growing birds like native chickens, no adverse effect was found when chicks were provided water and feed 56 hours after hatching.

並列關鍵字

chicks ； growth performance ； hatch