不同飼養模式對土雞產蛋性能之影響

Effects of different feeding types on egg production performance of native chicken

林義福(Yih-Fwu Lin) ； 陳添福(Tian-Fwu Chen) ； 蔡銘洋(Min-Yang Tsai) ； 劉曉龍(Hsiao-Lung Liu) ； 洪哲明(Che-Ming Hung) ； 謝昭賢(Chao-Hsien Hsieh)

《畜產研究》 49卷3期 (2016/09) Pp. 222-229

摘要

本研究旨在探討蛋用土雞於不同飼養模式下對產蛋性能之影響。使用畜試土雞臺畜母12號1日齡雌雛雞300隻為試驗動物，逢機分成三組，每組100隻雞。試驗分成育成期及產蛋期，在不同飼養模式下飼養至55週齡止。第一組為籠飼對照組，育成期平飼、16週齡後上傳統蛋雞籠；第二組為放牧組，育成期6週齡前平飼，之後放牧；第三組為平飼組，全期均平飼。試驗雞隻均餵飼相同飼糧，比較不同飼養模式下之產蛋性狀、寄生蟲感染與籟抱情形等。寄生蟲感染方面顯示，於6週齡糞便中球蟲卵囊數在放牧組（60,022粒／g）明顯高於其他二組（8,860及7,502粒／g），蛔蟲卵囊並未檢出；於16週齡則三組之球蟲與蛔蟲卵囊均未檢出。達5%產蛋率，第一至第三組分別為126、123及121日齡。蛋品質顯示，產蛋前期（28週齡）放牧組的蛋比重顯著較其他二組低（P＜0.05）；蛋殼厚度、蛋殼強度及豪氏單位在各組間則無顯著差異。產蛋後期（50週齡）以籠飼組的蛋殼厚度及蛋殼強度最低（P＜0.05），但豪氏單位最高（P＜0.05），蛋比重則各組間無顯著差異。全期（21至55週齡）的平均隻日產蛋率方面，以籠飼組最高為45.7%，放牧組為40.9%、平飼組為41.3%，放牧組及平飼組分別為籠飼組之89.4%及90.4%。全期平均飼料換蛋率，以籠飼組5.04最佳，放牧組為5.81、平飼組為5.65。於籟抱率方面，籠飼、放牧及平飼組於21－30週齡之測定結果分別為0、13.70及13.58%，31－40週齡分別為0、4.00及4.41%，41－55週齡分別為0.76、1.70及2.01%，顯示放牧及平飼母雞在21-30週齡有較高的籟抱率，30週齡後籟抱率大幅下降。以上結果顯示，以放牧及平飼的動物福祉方式飼養蛋用土雞是可行的，雖產蛋前期有較高的籟抱問題，使產蛋率稍受影響，但在產蛋後期可維持較好的蛋殼品質，此結果可供傳統籠飼產蛋土雞替代性飼養模式之參考。

關鍵字

土雞 ； 飼養模式 ； 蛋

並列摘要

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of feeding types on the egg production performance of native chicken. Three hundred day-old LRI Taishu female No. 12 chicks were used as experimental animals and divided into three groups. Each group had 100 birds. The experiment was divided to growth stage and laying stage till 55 weeks of age. Group 1 to 3 was the control (raised at floor and caged after 16 weeks of age), free range (raised at floor and free range after 6 weeks of age) and floor (whole term on floor), respectively. The birds were fed the same feed. Egg production performance, parasite infection and brooding behavior were investigated. The average coccidial oocysts of fresh feces at 6 weeks of age indicated that free range were the highest at 60,022 oocysts/g feces and the control and floor were 8,860 and 7,502 oocysts/ g feces, respectively, while Ascaris lumbricoides were not detectable. Coccidial oocysts and Ascaris lumbricoides were not detectable at 16 weeks of age. Age at the 5% egg production rate for group 1 to 3 was 126, 123 and 121 days of age, respectively. The egg quality in early laying period (28 weeks of age) showed that egg weight and gravity in free range group were significantly lower than the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in egg shell thickness, strength and Haugh unit among the groups. The egg quality in late laying period (50 weeks of age) showed that egg shell thickness and strength in caged group were significantly lower than the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05), but Haugh unit was the highest (P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in gravity among the groups. For hen-day egg production rate of whole term, the caged group was 45.7%; free range and floor group were 40.9% and 41.3%, respectively. Egg production of free range and floor was 89.4% and 90.4% that of the cage group. For feed conversion ratio (feed/egg) during laying period (21 to 50 weeks of age), caged group was the best at 5.04, free range and floor group were 5.81 and 5.65, respectively. The brooding rate for group 1 to 3 were 0, 13.70 and 13.58%, respectively during 21-30 weeks of age; 0, 4.00 and 4.41%, respectively during 31-40 weeks and 0.76, 1.70 and 2.01%, respectively during 41-55 weeks of age. It indicated that brooding rate of free range and floor group was higher in early laying period (21-30 weeks of age) and was decreased significantly after 30 weeks of age. It shows that native chicken layers feeding with welfare type are feasible. Although brooding problem in early period causes decrease in egg production, the late period can maintain better egg shell quality. The results can be the reference for the alternative feeding types of conventional cage feeding system.

並列關鍵字

Native chicken ； Feeding type ； Egg