種母土雞之初產日齡與產蛋性狀之關係

本研究調查畜試土雞臺畜母十二號種母土雞之初產日齡、初產蛋重、前十個蛋平均重、四十週齡蛋重與蛋殼品質、隻日產蛋率、隻舍產蛋率及體重改變等性狀，目的在了解台灣種母土雞之初產日齡與其產蛋性能及蛋殼品質之間的關係。調查之440隻種母土雞於17週齡上籠，產蛋資料蒐集至82週齡止。雞隻資料依其初產日齡分組，從134至161天止，每隔7天為一組（分別為B、C、D及E組），另加初產日齡在133天以下（A組）及162天以上（F組）二組，計六組。調查結果顯示，初產日齡較大者，其初產體重、初產蛋重及前十個蛋平均重均較大；A與F組之隻日產蛋率顯著（P＜0.05）較B與C組低；F組之隻舍產蛋數顯著（P＜0.05）較B、C、D及E組低；體重改變以B組顯著（P＜0.05）較A、D、E及F組高；A、C及F組之死亡率顯著（P＜0.05）較B、D及E組高。四十週齡蛋殼強度以A組顯著（P＜0.05）較C及D組差；各組之四十週齡蛋重、全蛋比重及蛋殼厚度並無顯著差異。綜合初產體重、初產蛋重、前十個蛋平均重、四十週齡蛋重與蛋殼品質、隻日產蛋率、隻舍產蛋數及體重變化之表現顯示，畜試土雞臺畜母十二號之初產日齡在134至161天間者，其產蛋性能與蛋殼品質有較佳的表現。

關鍵字

種母土雞；初產日齡；產蛋性能；蛋殼品質

並列摘要

This study investigated age at first egg, egg weight at first egg, egg weight of first 10 eggs, egg weight and eggshell quality at 40 weeks of age, hen-day egg production, eggs per hen housed and body weight change in TLRI native chickens and Taishi Female No. 12. The purpose was to understand the relationship between age at first egg and egg production and eggshell quality traits in Taiwan native chicken breeders. Four hundred and forty pullets were caged at 17 weeks of age. Their egg production data were collected to 82 weeks of age. The hens were divided into six groups, according to the age at first egg. Age at first egg below 133 days was group A. Age in the range of 134 to 161 days by 7 day intervals were allocated into groups B to E, respectively. Age at first egg above 162 days was group F. The investigation results indicated that groups with oldest age at first egg had heavier body weight, heavier egg weight at age of first egg and heavier average egg weight for the first ten eggs. Compared with the A and F groups, the B and C groups had higher (P ＜ 0.05) hen-day egg production. Group F had significantly (P ＜ 0.05) fewer eggs per hen housed than those in the B, C, D and E groups. In comparison with the B group, the A, D, E and F groups had greater (P ＜ 0.05) body weight gain. Groups A, C and F had significantly (P ＜ 0.05) higher mortality than those in the B, C and E groups. The eggshell breaking strength at 40-wks-old was significantly (P ＜ 0.05) lower in the A group than in the C and D groups. However, no significant difference was found in egg weight, specific gravity nor eggshell thickness at 40 weeks of age among groups. These results indicated that for the TLRI native chicken, Taishi Female No. 12 pullets laid the first egg at 134 to 161 days of age with better egg production and eggshell quality performance.

並列關鍵字

Female Taiwan native breeders ； Age at first egg ； Egg production performance ； Eggshell quality

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