坪割後樣本稻殼自動化處理方式之研究

為瞭解全臺稻穀產量，國內農政單位採用抽樣推估的方式，也就是人工坪割的方法，目前每年實施坪割抽樣高達2,000點以上，而每個坪割點在稻株收穫後處理作業(包括脫穀、風選、秤重、乾燥、量含水率)上，耗費相當多人力與時間，亟需引進自動化設備或技術，以減輕作業的辛勞，提高作業的速度。本研究使用日本進口的小型脫穀機(A方法)，該機器可脫穀、風選、集袋一貫作業，並與慣用法(B方法)，進行脫穀量與推估產量的統計比較。在民國102年一期作與二期作中，共選定11個坪割試驗點稻穀(一期作6個，二期作5個)，進行該兩種方法比較。試驗結果顯示，在乾穀脫穀量上，兩種方法所得的平均脫穀量沒有顯著差異，但一期作濕穀有顯著差異；此一結果顯示，慣用法在濕穀樣本上，可能含有較多的雜物，而B方法稻穀的乾燥折算率也低於A方法。在產量推估上，兩種方法所得的濕穀單位面積產量與乾穀單位面積產量，均無顯著差異；但在作業時間方面，A方法作業時間約只有B方法的16%，顯示A方法值得參考使用。另外，本研究開發坪割樣本稻穀的烘箱乾燥自動控制單元，即時偵測樣本稻榖重量，據以推估稻穀含水率；試驗結果顯示，可準確的達到目標含水率，其與設定目標值的差異及標準差皆比慣用法者稍小，且可用手機簡訊，通知使用者，促進國內稻穀坪割作業的自動化。

關鍵字

稻穀；坪割法；脫穀機；產量推估；自動化

並列摘要

To obtain information about the rice yield in Taiwan, government agencies need to conduct a survey. Moreover, over 2000 points are sampled every year for the survey. The survey work (also called the sampling method) includes harvesting, threshing, fan cleaning, drying, and weighing of rice samples, which makes it very laborious and time consuming. Therefore, there is a need for improvement. This study applied a thresher imported from Japan (method A) to process the rice samples. Meanwhile, the conventional method (method B) was also tested so as to compare their differences in wet rice weight, dried rice weight, and yield estimation. A total of 11 rice samples were collected and tested from the first and second harvest season of 2013. The results showed no significant difference between the two methods in dried sample weight, but there is a significant difference in wet sample weights. This result indicated that the wet samples contained more leaves or stems than dried samples for method B. Comparing yield estimation, there were no significant differences in dried yield or wet yield. In terms of processing time, method A only needed 16% of that of B method. These results suggest that the proposed method (method A) can be a good alternative for survey work. This study also developed an automatic control unit for oven dryers. The experimental result showed that the control unit can precisely control oven settings and obtain smaller deviation from the target value and smaller standard deviation compared to the conventional method. In addition, the system can send a text message to users' mobile phones when the oven is turned off. These proposed methods can upgrade the automatic process of rice survey work.

並列關鍵字

Rice ； survey work ； thresher ； yield estimation ； automation

參考文獻

朱培仁、林江龍、許舒揚、謝清祿。2013。推估稻穀田間產量方法之比較。台灣農學會報 14(6):545-564。 doi: 10.6730/JAAT.201312_14(6).0002

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坪割後樣本稻殼自動化處理方式之研究

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