A Participatory Assessment of Dietary Patterns and Food Behavior in Pohnpei, Federated States Of Micronesia

參與性評估密克羅尼西亞聯邦波納佩州的飲食模式與食物行為

Allison Corsi ； Lois Englberger ； Rafael Flores ； Adelino Lorens ； Maureen H Fitzgerald

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 17卷2期 (2008/06) Pp. 309-316

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2008.17.2.19

摘要

在太平洋地區，非傳染性疾病快速地增加，密克羅尼西亞聯邦波納佩州(Pohnpei)也是如此。飲食模式從固有的、高纖維、健康當地食材轉成高熱量密度、低營養價值的進口食物以及增加久坐的生活型態都加速這個進程。對抗這個趨勢必須先了解人們如何決擇食物。參與性評估是利用一個量化及定性的方法去獲知飲食模式及飲食攝取的認知、態度、信念與實行。使用7天的結構性飲食頻率問卷(FFQ)去量化293名參加全島嶼的教育／失能篩檢系統的波納佩州成人女性。以一個人種誌的方法，包含深入的訪問、非正式的焦點團體及觀察來記錄食物行為的實行及貢獻FFQ的設計。回覆FFQ的女性中，有96%報告經常吃米飯（3-7天／週），反之75%報告經常吃當地生長的碳水化合物食物。與文化改變的相關因子，包含可獲性、支付能力、便利性及食物項目的狀態會決定食物的選擇。必須以食物為基礎，對文化有認知及利用現有資源的創新政策去促進當地食物的產量及攝取。需要包括資訊、教育及交流(IEC)的預防性計劃以提供正確及可得的健康及營養知識，並且去增加對當地食物的需求。行為的修飾需要國家、州及社區組織的繼續合作，以便針對個人的食物選擇及支持這些選擇的環境轉換訂出策略。

關鍵字

密克羅尼西亞 ； 飲食模式 ； 第二型糖尿病 ； 肥胖 ； 營養轉換

並列摘要

Non-communicable diseases are escalating rapidly within the Pacific region, including Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. A shift in dietary patterns from indigenous, high fiber, healthy local food to energy-dense, imported food with low nutritional value, and increased sedentary lifestyles are expediting this process. Essential to counteract this trend is an understanding of how people make food decisions. This participatory assessment utilized a quantitative and qualitative approach to capture diet patterns and knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of food consumption. A structured 7–day food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to quantify the diets of 293 adult Pohnpeian women attending an island-wide education/disability screening program. An ethnographic approach, including in-depth interviews, informal focus groups and observations documented food behavior practices and contributed to the design of the FFQ. Of those responding to the FFQ, 96% reported eating rice frequently (3-7 days/week) whereas 75% reported eating locally grown carbohydrate foods frequently. Factors associated with culture change, including availability, affordability, convenience, and status of food items were found to determine food decisions. Food-based, culturally sensitive and innovative strategies that utilize existing resources are required to promote local food production and consumption. Prevention programs with an information, education and communication (IEC) approach are needed to provide accurate and available health and nutrition knowledge and to increase the demand for local foods. Behavior modification requires the continued collaboration of the national, state, and community organizations that partnered on this research to strategize programs in order to target individual food choices and to transform the environment to support these decisions.

並列關鍵字

Micronesia ； dietary patterns ； type 2 diabetes ； obesity ； nutrition transition