The Female Athlete Triad among Elite Malaysian Athletes: Prevalence and Associated Factors

優秀的馬來西亞運動員的女性運動員三症候群：盛行率及其相關因子

Ye Vian Quah ； Bee Koon Poh ； Lai Oon Ng ； Mohd Ismail Noor

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 18卷2期 (2009/06) Pp. 200-208

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2009.18.2.08

摘要

女性經常參加競爭性運動，有較高的風險而致罹患飲食失調、月經不規律及骨質疏鬆，這普遍被稱為“女性運動員三症候群”。此研究目的為評估那些參與不同運動的運動員，其女性運動員三症候群的盛行率及相關因子。總共有67名年齡介于13-30歲的優秀女性運動員參與這個研究，並且被分為‘精瘦組’與‘非精瘦組’。飲食失調是使用一種體型形象等級評比及飲食障礙調查（EDI）包括：體型不滿意（BD）、對體瘦的渴求（DT）、暴食（B）及完美主義（P）評估。月經不規律是由自填式月經史問卷評估。骨質是使用量化超音波儀器測量1/3的遠端橈骨。女性運動員三症候群盛行率虽不高（1.9%），但其單一症候盛行率却蛮高，尤其是在精瘦組。研究對象精瘦組有月經不規律、骨質差及飲食失調风险的盛行率分別為47.6%、13.3%及89.2%；在非精瘦組則分別14.3%、8.3%及89.2%。因為三症候群的各組症候是有相互關聯的，因此確認運動員有任何一種症候的风险，尤其是那些強調參與瘦體型運動的運動员，對進一步的診斷有重要幫助。

關鍵字

女性運動家三症候群 ； 飲食失調 ； 月經不規律 ； 骨質 ； 骨質疏鬆

並列摘要

Women participating in a wide range of competitive sports are at higher risk of developing eating disorders, menstrual irregularities and osteoporosis, which are generally referred to as the 'female athlete triad'. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of female athlete triad and factors associated with this condition among athletes participating in different sports. A total of 67 elite female athletes aged between 13-30 years participated in the study and were subdivided into the 'leanness' and 'non-leanness' groups. Eating disorders were assessed using a body image figure rating and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) with body dissatisfaction (BD), drive for thinness (DT), bulimia (B) and perfectionism (P) subscales. Menstrual irregularity was assessed with a self-reported menstrual history questionnaire. Bone quality was measured using a quantitative ultrasound device at one-third distal radius. Prevalence of the female athlete triad was low (1.9%), but the prevalence for individual triad component was high, especially in the leanness group. The prevalence of subjects who were at risk of menstrual irregularity, poor bone quality and eating disorders were 47.6%, 13.3% and 89.2%, respectively, in the leanness group; and 14.3%, 8.3% and 89.2%, respectively, in the non-leanness group. Since the components of the triad are interrelated, identification of athletes at risk of having any one component of the triad, especially those participating in sports that emphasise a lean physique, is an important aid for further diagnosis.

並列關鍵字

female athlete triad ； eating disorders ； menstrual irregularity ； bone quality ； osteoporosis