Average Daily Intake of Phosphorus in 3- To 5-Year-Old Japanese Children as Assessed by the Duplicate-Diet Technique

使用雙重飲食取樣技術評估日本三到五歲小孩平均每日磷攝取情況

Tomoko Sugiyama ； Taeko Murakami ； Tomiko Shibata ； Miho Goshima ； Naoki Narita ； Haruo Nakagaki ； Mamoru Nishimuta

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 18卷3期 (2009/09) Pp. 335-343

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2009.18.3.05

摘要

The present study aimed to determine whether there is excessive mean daily intake of phosphorus in 3- to 5- year-old Japanese children and to ascertain relationships between phosphorus intake and various food and beverage groups. Subjects comprised of 90 children, with 15 boys and 15 girls in each age group from 3 to 5 years. The duplicate-diet technique was used to ascertain total dietary intake, including snacks and beverages over a 24-h period on 3 separate days from summer 1999 to winter 2000. After wet ashing food samples, phosphorus was quantified by colourimetry using a spectrophotometer. Median and 25th-75th percentile daily phosphorus intake for 3- to 5-year-old Japanese children was 674 mg (534-890 mg), and phosphorus intake correlated with the intake of many food groups and was closely correlated with total daily intake of food and beverage (rs=0.64). In addition, phosphorus intake correlated with the intake of magnesium and calcium (rs≥0.6, p＜0.001). When assessed based on dietary reference intakes for the US, maximum intake did not exceed the tolerable upper intake level in any of the young children, but phosphorus intake was not more than the estimated average requirement (EAR) in 4.4% of subjects, which exceeded the target of 2.5% for the US EAR. We concluded that there is a risk of insufficient phosphorous intake, rather than excessive intake, for 4.4% of 3- to 5-year-old Japanese children.

關鍵字

磷攝取量 ； 雙重飲食取樣技術 ； 學齡前兒童 ； 季節變異 ； 營養調查

並列摘要

The present study aimed to determine whether there is excessive mean daily intake of phosphorus in 3- to 5- year-old Japanese children and to ascertain relationships between phosphorus intake and various food and beverage groups. Subjects comprised of 90 children, with 15 boys and 15 girls in each age group from 3 to 5 years. The duplicate-diet technique was used to ascertain total dietary intake, including snacks and beverages over a 24-h period on 3 separate days from summer 1999 to winter 2000. After wet ashing food samples, phosphorus was quantified by colourimetry using a spectrophotometer. Median and 25th-75th percentile daily phosphorus intake for 3- to 5-year-old Japanese children was 674 mg (534-890 mg), and phosphorus intake correlated with the intake of many food groups and was closely correlated with total daily intake of food and beverage (rs=0.64). In addition, phosphorus intake correlated with the intake of magnesium and calcium (rs≥0.6, p＜0.001). When assessed based on dietary reference intakes for the US, maximum intake did not exceed the tolerable upper intake level in any of the young children, but phosphorus intake was not more than the estimated average requirement (EAR) in 4.4% of subjects, which exceeded the target of 2.5% for the US EAR. We concluded that there is a risk of insufficient phosphorous intake, rather than excessive intake, for 4.4% of 3- to 5-year-old Japanese children.

並列關鍵字

phosphorus intake ； duplicate-diet technique ； preschool children ； seasonal variation ； nutrition survey