Food in Health Security in North East Asia

東北亞的衛生安全中的糧食議題

Hyun-Kyung Moon

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 18卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 486-492

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2009.18.4.03

摘要

本篇文章比較東北亞的糧食及衛生安全，包括南韓、北韓、中國及日本。因為這個區域的國家有很多複雜的問題，所以值得去探討目前的狀況。佔世界人口的24%，東北亞的國家平均每天提供2400至3000大卡的熱量給每個人。至於健康狀況，則存在著兩個極端的問題。其中之一是中國及北韓的營養不足，另一方面是日本、南韓及中國的慢性退化疾病。為了保障健康，必須確保糧食供應的品質、量及安全性。選出幾個議題在此討論：1) 對於糧食自足率低的國家，如日本和韓國，全球的食品價格會影響其糧食安全性，尤其對於城市中貧窮的居民；2) 人口老化，使得缺乏糧食安全的的老人數目亦增加。由於傳統價值觀的日益消失，老化的人口伴隨著較低的收入及沒有後代的供養，可能會產生糧食安全不良的問題；3) 在東北亞這個區域，人口及經濟的成長可能使糧食問題更加惡化。四分之一的全球人口居住在這個地區，且人口仍持續地增加。經濟愈發展，人們消費愈多的動物性產品；4) 氣候的改變使糧食生產發生問題。當工業持續進展，將使耕種糧食的土地變少，而環境中的污染則增多；5) 政治不穩定會導致糧食的不安全性，鬥爭也會使食物援助產生問題。

關鍵字

糧食安全 ； 衛生安全 ； 東北亞

並列摘要

Food and health security in North East Asia including South Korea, North Korea, China and Japan was compared. Because this region contains countries with many complex problems, it is worthwhile to study the current situation. With about 24% of the world's population, all North East Asian countries supply between 2400 and 3000 Kcal of energy. Regarding health status, two extreme problems exist. One is malnutrition in North Korea and China and the other is chronic degenerative disease in Japan, South Korea and China. Because quality, quantity and safety of the food supply have to be secured for health security, some topics are selected and discussed. 1) World food price can have an effect on food security for countries with a low food self sufficiency rate such as Japan and Korea; specially, for the urban poor. 2) Population aging can increase the number of aged people without food security. An aged population with less income and no support from their off-spring, because of disappearing traditional values, may have food insecurity. 3) Population growth and economic growth in this region may worsen food problems. Since a quarter of the world's population resides in this region, populations will continue to increase. With economic growth, people will consume more animal products. 4) Climate change generates food production problems. As the progress of industry continues, there will be less land for food and more pollutants in the environment. 5) Political instability will cause food insecurity and conflict will cause problems with regard to food aid.

並列關鍵字

food security ； health security ； North East Asia