Marine Biodiversity and Fishery Sustainability

海洋生物多樣性與漁業永續

Kwang-Tsao Shao

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 18卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 527-531

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2009.18.4.10

摘要

海洋魚類是人類最重要的蛋白質來源之一，特別是具有海岸的開發中國家。海洋漁業也是許多國家的重要產業。五十年前，人們仍認為浩瀚的海洋，其恢復力強，人類不可能去改變她，漁業資源亦不會枯竭。半世紀後，大家都同意由於過漁、棲地破壞、污染、外來入侵種及全球氣候變遷等人為因素的破壞，已使得漁業資源匱乏。因過漁所引起的連鎖反應也使得海洋生物多樣性大幅衰退。如果我們再不積極採取行動，四十年後，人類將無海鮮可以享用。最有效的保育措施應是建立海洋保護區、生態系漁業管理、及採取預防原則等。此外，加強宣導教育，包括生態標章、限漁、慢漁、和落實海洋保護區的管理等最為廹切有效。本文乃以台灣為例，討論海洋生物多樣性及永續漁業所面臨的問題。

關鍵字

海洋保育 ； 海洋漁業 ； 台灣 ； 海鮮 ； 永續性

並列摘要

Marine fish is one of the most important sources of animal protein for human use, especially in developing countries with coastlines. Marine fishery is also an important industry in many countries. Fifty years ago, many people believed that the ocean was so vast and so resilient that there was no way the marine environment could be changed, nor could marine fishery resources be depleted. Half a century later, we all agree that the depletion of fishery resources is happening mainly due to anthropogenic factors such as overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, invasive species introduction, and climate change. Since overfishing can cause chain reactions that decrease marine biodiversity drastically, there will be no seafood left after 40 years if we take no action. The most effective ways to reverse this downward trend and restore fishery resources are to promote fishery conservation, establish marine-protected areas, adopt ecosystem-based management, and implement a ”precautionary principle.” Additionally, enhancing public awareness of marine conservation, which includes eco-labeling, fishery ban or enclosure, slow fishing, and MPA (marine protected areas) enforcement is important and effective. In this paper, we use Taiwan as an example to discuss the problems facing marine biodiversity and sustainable fisheries.

並列關鍵字

marine conservation ； marine fisheries ； Taiwan ； seafood ； sustainability