The Value of Asian-Africa Collaboration in Food and Health Security

亞洲－非洲合作同盟在糧食及衛生安全的價值

Michael B Krawinkel

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 18卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 570-576

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2009.18.4.17

摘要

糧食及衛生安全的挑戰包括：糧食生產與分配、小農的營收、健康照護的使用、有害的兒童照護施為及流行病（例如：人體免疫缺陷病毒），以及應付營養不良和熱量營養過剩共存的情況。對初級健康照護的最新定義是涵蓋全方位的營養及衛生安全範圍。一般而言，亞洲比起非洲在多種領域的科技擁有較多的經驗，但是非洲對於緊急的糧食和衛生危機的人道救援則有較多的經驗。亞洲─非洲合作同盟的目標需要區分成兩方面，一方面由公共部門開展及增強合作，另一方面民間團體用它們獨特的優勢及制約來促進糧食及衛生安全。在飢荒及疾病預防的領域中，知識及觀念的交流有益於兩方。當西方世界的藥物和科技成為健康照護及糧食生產的主要因素之際，亞洲及非洲的潛能則在於適當地利用原生種植物及保護自然資源的多樣性。例如：苦瓜即是一個代表，它幾乎可生長於任何地方，而且它被運用於減肥及降糖尿。這對於那些無法得到現代醫藥治療的糖尿病患而言，是相當重要的。為了面對糧食及衛生安全性的挑戰，亞非合作同盟提供一個良好的機會，使雙方皆可由不同的經驗及機會中獲得益處。

關鍵字

營養安全性 ； 初級健康照護 ； 熱量營養過剩 ； 自然生物多樣性

並列摘要

Challenges for food and health security encompass food production and distribution, smallholder income generation, access to health care, harmful child care practices and epidemics (e.g. HIV), and tackling of the coexistence of undernutrition and caloric over-nutrition. The recently re-defined primary health care approach addresses the whole field of nutrition and health security. In general, Asia has more experience with technologies in various fields than Africa. But Africa has more experience in humanitarian approaches to emerging food and health crises. Objectives of the Asian-African collaboration need to be differentiated into one area where the public sector is developing and strengthened, and another area where the private sector can promote food and health security with its specific advantages and constraints. In the field of hunger and disease prevention, both sides can benefit from the exchange of knowledge and concepts. Whereas in the Western world drugs and technologies became major factors in health care and food production, the potential of Asia and Africa lies in optimizing the utilization of indigenous plants and protecting the biodiversity of the natural resources. As an example, the vegetable bitter gourd is presented: it can be grown almost everywhere and it exerts anti-obese and anti-diabetic effects. This is of extreme importance for those who do not have access to modern drug treatment for diabetes mellitus. Asian-African collaboration in food and health security provides a great opportunity as both sides can benefit from different experiences and opportunities in order to meet the challenges in food and health security.

並列關鍵字

nutrition security ； primary health care ； caloric overnutrition ； natural biodiversity