The Demography of Food in Health Security: Current Experience with Dairy Consumption in Taiwan

糧食與衛生安全之人口學：目前乳製品攝取之台灣經驗

Meei-Shyuan Lee ； Lin-Yuan Huang ； Mei-Chun Chen ； Mark L Wahlqvist

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 18卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 585-589

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2009.18.4.19

摘要

飲食指南的制訂必須考慮「整體飲食」，以當代的飲食型態及營養素攝取為準。更重要的是能夠與影響食物可獲性的族群文化、社會經濟條件吻合。乳製品是高品質蛋白質良好來源，並且提供相當量的維生素與礦物質。攝取較多乳製品的人，會獲得較高的鈣質與維生素B2，發生缺乏症的機會較低。因此，攝取乳製品是一個富裕社會糧食安全的指標。我們利用臺灣四次國民營養健康狀況變遷調查的資料，找出目前乳製品攝取之人口學預測因子。結果發現乳製品攝取率（是或否）與年齡呈現U形曲線。台灣的乳製品攝取比率，學童（49.3%）、青少年（32.1%）及老人（43.6%）較青壯年成人（22.2-25.9%）高。每日平均攝取量隨年齡上升而下降，老人不及半份。攝取乳製品一份或以上的一年級學童有47%，到六年級學童則降至37％；少於20％的成人每日攝取一份或以上，老人則上升至40％。生理因素及飲食習慣，分別占台灣人不攝取奶類食品原因之25%及50%以上。教育程度、經濟狀況、氏族、區域性及健康追求行為是所有年齡層的乳製品攝取的決定因素。對非乳品攝取者而言，需要一套替代的飲食指南。並有必要關注社會經濟弱勢族群之乳製品攝取。

關鍵字

乳製品 ； 人口學 ； 飲食品質 ； 衛生 ； 台灣國民營養健康狀況變遷調查

並列摘要

To establish a food guide, the 'total diet' needs to be considered, based on prevailing patterns of food and nutrient intake; these will be culturally acceptable and recognize the prevailing social and economic conditions that affect food availability. Dairy produce is a good source of high quality protein, and provides significant amounts of vitamins and minerals. People who consume more dairy have higher intakes of calcium and vitamin B2 with less chance of deficiency. We used four National Nutrition Surveys in Taiwan (NAHSITs) to establish the current demographic predictors of dairy intakes, an indicator of food security in an affluent society. There was a U shape relationship between dairy consumption practices (whether or not) and age. In Taiwanese, the practice is higher in school children (49.3%), adolescents (32.1%) and elderly (43.6%) than it is in middle age (22.2-25.9%). Average daily dairy intake decreases with age; in the elderly, the intake is less than half a serving. Forty seven percent of first grade children consumed a serving or more of dairy while the 6th graders dropped to 37%. Less than 20% adults consume one serving or more a day. The rate increases to 40% for elderly. Physiologic limitation and dietary habit account for 25% and 50% of dairy avoidance, respectively. Education, financial status, ethnicity, regionality and health seeking behaviors are determinants of dairy consumption in all age groups. There is a need for alternative Food Guides for non-dairy consumers. Attention to dairy intake for socioeconomically disadvantaged groups is required.

並列關鍵字

dairy ； demographics ； dietary quality ； health ； NAHSITs