The Nature of International Health Security

國際衛生安全的本質

Ya-Wen Chiu ； Yi-Hao Weng ； Yi-Yuan Su ； Ching-Yi Huang ； Ya-Chen Chang ； Ken N Kuo

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 18卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 679-683

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2009.18.4.32

摘要

衛生議題有時與安全有著不可分之關係。衛生安全雖已被認為是人類安全概念中不可或缺之一環，然而政策制定者與衛生工作者對其定義尚未達成一致的共識。本文之目的為綜整衛生安全的概念與範疇以釐清衛生與安全關連性的因素。衛生安全的概念與時俱進，現已包含多重面向與意涵。在分析四大國際多邊組織（聯合國、世界衛生組織、亞太經濟合作會議、歐盟）的衛生相關報告後，可歸納出八大項目，並依此進行四大多邊組織定義的比對。其中咸認與當前衛生安全範疇最顯著相關的四大項分別為新興疾病、全球性的傳染病、生化物質的人為蓄意釋放、以及暴力、衝突與人道緊急事件。次兩項共同關注的重點為自然災害與環境變遷、及化學與輻射意外。最後兩項較少被討論的為糧食不安全性及貧窮。然而糧食安全已逐漸成為公共衛生安全的重要議題。維護衛生安全為抵禦衛生緊急事件的第一道防線。而全球化導致事件的發生日漸複雜，因此處理愈益嚴重與牽連廣泛的衛生安全議題時，亟需國際社會的共同努力與政治支持。

關鍵字

安全 ； 衛生安全 ； 全球化 ； 新興疾病 ； 傳染性疾病

並列摘要

Health issues occasionally intersect security issues. Health security has been viewed as an essential part of human security. Policymakers and health professionals, however, do not share a common definition of health security. This article aims to characterize the notions of health security in order to clarify what constitutes the nexus of health and security. The concept of health security has evolved over time so that it encompasses many entities. Analyzing the health reports of four multilateral organizations (the United Nations, World Health Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and the European Union) produced eight categories of most significant relevance to contemporary health security, allowing comparison of the definitions. The four categories are: emerging diseases; global infectious disease; deliberate release of chemical and biological materials; violence, conflict, and humanitarian emergencies. Two other categories of common concern are natural disasters and environmental change, as well as chemical and radioactive accidents. The final two categories, food insecurity and poverty, are discussed less frequently. Nevertheless, food security is emerging as an increasingly important issue in public health. Health security is the first line of defence against health emergencies. As globalization brings more complexities, dealing with the increased scale and extent of health security will require greater international effort and political support.

並列關鍵字

security ； health security ； globalization ； emerging disease ； infectious disease