Contribution of Complementary Food Nutrients to Estimated Total Nutrient Intakes for Urban Guatemalan Infants in the Second Semester of Life

嬰兒副食品對於瓜地馬拉城市6-12月嬰兒的總營養素攝取的貢獻

Liza Hernández ； Raquel Campos ； Anke Enneman ； Maria José Soto-Méndez ； Marieke Vossenaar ； Noel W Solomons

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 20卷4期 (2011/12) Pp. 572-583

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2011.20.4.11

摘要

與已開發國家比較，開發中國家嬰兒副食品的使用時機往往過早或過晚。這些副食品對於嬰兒成長和發育的關鍵期，也就是第6到第12個月時，所需的微量營養素量並無多大貢獻。本研究主要目的在探討副食品對於嬰兒第二期的營養素攝取量的貢獻。利用便利取樣抽取64名居住在瓜地馬拉城市邊緣的6-12個月大的嬰兒，請母親填寫三次非連續的24小時回憶問卷。問卷包含哺乳前後第一次給予的食物和飲料。母乳的攝取量的評估，是假設母乳加上副食品剛好滿足嬰兒一天的所需熱量。以WHO/FAO的建議營養素攝取量（RNI）為足夠的營養素攝取量的標準。這六個月只有哺餵母乳的例子相當罕見，而副食品的使用往往早於建議時機；第一次食用的副食品以罐裝最常見。隨著年紀增長，副食品使用也隨之增加。在所有訪視者中，副食品所貢獻的營養素量比母乳多。但是副食品的鈣、鐵和鋅的營養密度低於國際標準。強化糖所給予的維生素A過量。我們結論如下，副食品所提供的多數營養素量都滿足或超過建議量，此與過去關於副食品的文獻結果並不相同。

關鍵字

母乳 ； 副食品 ； 嬰兒餵養 ； 微量營養素攝取量 ； 瓜地馬拉

並列摘要

Complementary foods (CF) are introduced earlier or later than appropriate in developing societies. They often contribute poorly to overall adequate micronutrient intake during the critical period for growth and development, which constitutes the period from 6 to 12 months of life. The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of the CF nutrients to the total estimated nutrient intake in infants in the second semester of life. Three non-consecutive 24-hour recalls interviews were conducted with mothers of 64 infants, aged 6-12 months on enrolment, from a convenience sample in a marginal urban settlement in Guatemala City. Retrospective recording of early introduction of pre- and post-lacteal feeding and introduction of first foods and beverages was included. Human milk intakes were estimated by a model based on assumptions that human milk plus CF exactly satisfied the infant’s daily energy needs. The WHO/FAO Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI) were the standards for adequate nutrient consumption. Instances of exclusive breast feeding to 6 months were rare, with the introduction of CF earlier than recommended. Baby food in jars was mentioned most frequently as the first food offered. The contribution of CF increased with age through the second semester of life. CF contributed more of a nutrient than human milk in all instances. However, CF nutrient density for Ca, Fe, and Zn fell below international standard. Fortified sugar contributed excessive amounts of Vitamin A to the diets. We conclude that for most nutrients, intakes reached or exceeded recommendation levels, unusual within the CF experience in scientific literature.

並列關鍵字

human milk ； complementary foods ； infant feeding ； micronutrient intake ； Guatemala