Improving the Nutrition Quality of the School Feeding Program (Mid-Day Meal) in India through Fortification: a Case Study

經由強化食物改善學校供餐計畫的營養品質（午餐）：個案研究

Sadhana Bhagwat ； Rajan Sankar ； Ruchika Sachdeva ； Leena Joseph ； Sivaranjani

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 23卷S1期 (2014/11) Pp. s12-s19

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.s1.01

摘要

印度學童存在廣泛的微量營養素營養不良。在印度國家學校供餐計畫中，午餐（MDM）方案供應一億兩千萬的國小學童飲食，為全世界最大。透過午餐方案，除蛔蟲或強化餐點等互補策略，可增加這個計畫對營養的影響。印度的最高法院已指示，MDM透過非集中的模式，只能提供熱的熟食。然而，在鄉村地區，大型中央廚房烹調並供應大量的學校，有些廚房每日可供應近十五萬名學童餐點。這個研究的目的為測試中央廚房操作強化餐點的可行性，以及接受者對於強化餐點的接受性。由Naandi基金會在4個省的19個中央廚房，進行一個前驅研究。幾種食物載體被用於強化：麵粉、soya-dal-analogue及餅乾。有超過75萬名兒童在一年內的所有上學日，都可食用到已強化食物。強化食物被所有利害關係人所接受，因此，政府傾向繼續實行強化。Naandi基金會已將食物強化當作他們的規範，並持續強化所有出自他們中央廚房的餐點。總之，學餐強化微量營養素可結合於一般烹調過程，並被所有利害關係人接受。這個前驅研究可提供其他省在MDM採用強化政策的參考。

關鍵字

學校供餐 ； 食物強化 ； 午餐 ； 印度

並列摘要

Micronutrient malnutrition is widely prevalent in school children in India. India's national school feeding program, the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme, is the largest in the world and caters to 120 million children in primary schools. Complementary strategies such as deworming or fortifying meals provided through the MDM scheme could increase the nutritional impact of this program. India's Supreme Court has directed that only hot, cooked meals be provided in MDM, through a decentralised model. However, in urban areas, big centralised kitchens cook and serve a large number of schools, with some kitchens serving up to 150,000 children daily. The objective of this project was to test the operational feasibility of fortifying the school meal in centralised kitchens, as well as the acceptability of fortified meals by recipients. A pilot was conducted in 19 central kitchens run by the Naandi Foundation in four different States. Several food vehicles were used for fortification: wheat flour, soyadal-analogue and biscuits. More than 750, 000 children were reached with fortified food on all school days for a period of one year. Fortified food was found to be acceptable to all stakeholders. The government is in favour of continuing fortification. The Naandi Foundation has adopted fortification as their norm and continues to fortify all meals provided from their central kitchens. In conclusion: fortification of school meals with micronutrients can be integrated in the normal cooking process and is well accepted by all stakeholders. This pilot could hold lessons for other states in adopting fortification in MDM.

並列關鍵字

school feeding ； food fortification ； mid-day meal ； India