排列致癌物可能危險性以擬管理優先順序之模式

A Scheme for Listing Carcinogens for Control

郭育良(L. Yue-Liang Guo) ； 胡淑貞(Shu-Chen Hu) ； 李惠玲(Huei-Ling Lee)

《中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌》 11卷3期 (1992/09) Pp. 249-266

https://doi.org/10.6288/JNPHARC1992-11-03-08

摘要

由於工業上使用致癌物陸續增多，我們在工業及環境中無時無刻可能接觸到致癌物。致癌物管理是保護環境衛生及全民使康的重要步驟之一。然因致癌物數目之多，勢必無法涵蓋每一個可能的致癌物，而需根據其毒性大小，暴露方式與暴露量等因素而有所取捨。本文以危害物評估的四個步驟，討論排序致癌物危險性的一般原則如下：（一）成立毒性化學物質管理諮詢委員會，由委員會批選出具權威性的參考機構。（二）由參考機構所報告的資料列舉可能的致癌物，以為排序的對象。其判定原則，以流行病學證據有致癌性為優先，而以動物實驗證據為輔。（三）將排序對象致癌物根據毒性大小作優先組別的分組。（四）以總體暴露量作為暴露認定的評估值，以加權的方式增加其列管的優先性。加權時考慮以下因素：1.可能的暴露方式，2.環境的流佈與蓄積，包括化學物質之辛醇對水相對溶解度及其土壤、水、及空氣中的半生期，3.國內的總輸入量或用量。（五）綜合以上所提各化學物質的致癌性質，致癌毒性強度，及可能的暴露量，排列選取出較重要的致癌物。（六）每年或每兩年根據新發表的資料，修訂列管致癌物之優先順序。根據上述之排序方法，工業上之化學物品可以依致癌的危險度分成不同組別。政府機構可針對致癌危險度最高者逐次進行管理。

並列摘要

The risk of encountering carcinogenic hazards is increasing due to increasing use of these chemicals in industries. Controlling carcinogenic chemicals at production, importation, use, and disposal is important for the public health, but is difficult because of the large number of possible carcinogens used. We propose a scheme for prioritizing carcinogenic chemicals for control by the government. This scheme uses the available data internationally, and takes into consideration the principles of risk assessment, i.e., risk identification, dose-response relationship, exposure assessment, and risk charcterization. The scheme is as follows: 1. ”Toxic Substances Control Scientific Advisory Panel” will be formed consisting experts in Toxicology, Environmental Sciences, Public Health, Biology, Medicine, etc. This ”Scientific Advisory Panel” will select the ”authoritative organizations” from which scientific data on carcinogenicity will be considered authoritative, e.g., International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) or United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2. Chemicals reported by the ”authoritative organizations” as carcinogenic will be listed as candidates for control, e.g., IARC group 1 and 2, and USEPA Class A, B, and C chemicals. 3. The candidate chemicals will be categorized according to the carcinogenic potency form the available data, e.g., the 50% Tumorogenic Dose (TD50) of Carcinogenic Potency Data Base (CPDB). 4. Consideration will be given to the probability of exposure. The chemicals used extensively in the environment, with long half life and accumulation, or of large amount of import or domestic production will be moved up to categories of higher priority. 5. Categorization of chemicals to different priority levels will be done according to the strength of evidence of carcinogenicity, the potency, and the probability of exposure. 6. The ”Toxic Substances Control Scientific Advisory Panel” will meet yearly to update the categories of toxic chemicals by reviewing the newest available scientific data. According to this prioritizing scheme, industrial chemicals can be categorized into different levels of risk of carcinogenicity. The government agencies can control the most important carcinogens by the categories of carcinogenicity in this scheme. A list of carcinogens in different categories of priority for control is presented.

並列關鍵字

carcinogens ； toxic substances