台北市士林北投區兒童青少年體位研究

Anthropometric Study of Children and Adolescents in Two Northern Taipei Communities

洪建德(Chien-Te Hung)

《中華民國營養學會雜誌》 19卷3期 (1994/07) Pp. 319-334

https://doi.org/10.6691/JCNS.199407_19(3).0008

摘要

為了解台北士林北投區青少年的體位狀況，自民國78年7月起至79年6月間，在台北市士林北投地區，多步驟抽取14所學校包括，國小5所988人，國中4所504人，高中5所584人，做體位調查。身高與體重與60~70年全國調查比較，青春期之前（國小五、六年級學童）身高並無大差異，但體重上升。高中男生則有明顯增高約5公分至6公分。高中女生則只有3公分左右。與75~77年的全國調查比較，高中男生、女生都沒有大的身高變化。體重方面兩性中學生都比前兩次調查重了許多，分佈曲線不再是正常分佈，而是右傾(skewed to the right)；國小及國中男生約有25%肥胖率，高中一、二年級約有14%，三年級有3.5%，國小女生則有20%肥胖率，國中一、二、三年級女生則分別有12.4%、13.2%、8.9%，高中一二三年級分別有14.1%、10.6%、6.9%的肥胖盛行率。與歷年相較，盛行率有愈來愈高的趨勢。胸圍及上臂圍與75~77年的比較，男生比以前超越，而女生則略遜。皮下脂肪厚度：比75~77年的調查值男女生皆超越。以黃、洪氏文獻來判斷肥胖盛行率，則男生依年級分別為47、45、40、30、30、30、50、40%，而女生則有33、28、35、40、40、40、40、18%。若與1986年日本全國的『學校保健統計調查』相比，在身高方面，小學生平均數值類似，國中男孩比日本矮，但女生則類似；高中男生本研究的高一高二較高，女生則高於日本。以體重而言，本研究的各校男生稍高於日本，各校女生則稍低。胸圍而言，則本研究的小學男女生皆大於日本；而在國中相似；本研究的高中男生超越日本，而女生則落後。坐高方面，小學生皆較日本低；國中則相似；而高中女生也較日本低。

關鍵字

肥胖 ； 身高 ； 體重 ； 體位 ； 高膽固醇血症

並列摘要

Nine hundred eighty-eight grade 5-6 elementary students, 504 junior high school students and 584 senior high school students were multiple stage sampled from 14 schools in two northern Taipei communities for body weight and height, and other anthropometric measurements. The height of grade 5-6 male elementary school students did not change significantly in comparison with the data surveyed 10 years ago, but the obesity prevalence increased to 25% in both elementary and junior high school male students. The obesity prevalence of senior high school male students decreased to 14% in grade 10-11 and further to only 3.5% in grade 12 students. Whereas, the prevalence of obesity in the female elementary school girls was 20%; 12.4%, 13.2%, 8.9% were the obesity rates in the 7th, 8th, and 9th grade school girls, respectively; and 14.1%, 10.6%, and 6.9% were the rates in the 10th, 11th, 12th grade school girls, repectively. In comparison with Japanese school health statistics, the heights of the 5th and 6th grades students were similar in both countries. In junior high schools, our boys were smaller than the Japanese counterpart, but the girls were similar. In senior high schools, our students were higher than the Japanese counterpart. The chest circumferences of our boys were larger than that of the Japanese boys except those of junior high school boys. The chest circumferences of our girls were larger in the 5th and 6th grades and smaller in the senior high school than that of the Japanese girls. The sitting height of our 5th and 6th grades boys were smaller than that of Japanese boys, and our senior high school girls were also smaller than that of Japanese girls.

並列關鍵字

Obesity ； body height ； body weight ； anthropometry ； community ； hypercholesterolemia