從列維納斯的接待倫理論生態主體的倫理向度

On the Ethical Dimension of Ecological Subject from the Perspective of Levinas’s Ethic of Hospitality

鄧元尉(Yuan-Wei Teng)

《東吳哲學學報》 33期 (2016/02) Pp. 63-96

摘要

本文嘗試以生態主體的建構為焦點，探討列維納斯(Levinas)的接待倫理對環境哲學可能產生的教發，特別是插曲列氏的主體概念詮釋生態主體之意涵。在接待倫理中，主體須在與具有優先性的他者的關係中重構，透過各式他者經驗獲得更新的契機。在這些經驗類型裡，列氏透過女性概念來刻畫的接待經驗格外值得我們關注，因為女性的接待使自我得以「在家」、從而立足為一「具有接待能力的主體自身此一兼備主動性與被動性的主體特別適合用來建構生態主體。本文論述將分為兩部分第一部分刻畫接待倫理的主要思路，通過「女性的接待」來闡述那種「在他者的接待中證立的主體」第二部分則要以「女性」延伸到「土地以「土地對人類的接待」來拓展接待倫理，且藉由與保育學者李真波(Leopold)之土地倫理的對話，闡述在與土地的關係中獲得重構的生態主體。

關鍵字

列維納斯 ； 他者 ； 接待 ； 李奧波 ； 土地倫理

並列摘要

This article intends to explore the genetic problem of “ecological subject” from the view of Emmanuel Levinas’s ethic of hospitality. For Levinas, the other takes ethical absolute-priority over the subject, and the authentic concept of subject must be understood in terms of the relationship with the other, especially the hospitable relationship and the feminine other. Therefore, for the purpose of clarifying basic characters of ecological subject, we will discuss several possible connections between Levinas’s ethic of hospitality and his environmental ethics in two steps. At first, we will describe how Levinas explains a certain type of dynamics of the genetic subject, i.e. a dynamics concerning about the process from a welcomed subject to a welcoming subject, and from a passive subject to an active subject. Secondly, we will transform the ethic of hospitality into the environmental ethics through a possible dialogue might-be between Levinas and Aldo Leopold. My suggestion is, if we could identify the earth or land as a kind of natural other by analogy with the feminine other, we might construct ecological subject as such a subject which is welcomed by the earth on the one hand, and also welcomes the other species on the other. Finally, we might construct the ecological subject as such a subject that welcomed by the earth on the one hand, and also welcomes the other species on the other.

並列關鍵字

Levinas ； the other ； hospitality ； Leopold ； land ethic

參考文獻

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