蓮華池地區陡坡池栽植檳榔對土壤水文性質與沖蝕性之影響

Effects of Growing Betel Palms on Steep Slopes on Hydrological Properties and Erodibility of Soils in Lien-hua-chi Area, Central Taiwan

胡蘇澄(Su-Cherng Hu)

《林業試驗所研究報告季刊》 8卷4期 (1993/12) Pp. 271-276

https://doi.org/10.7075/BTFRI.199312.0271

摘要

為明瞭南投水里溪集水區上游蓮華池地區栽植檳榔對土壤水文性質與土壞沖蝕性之影響，以及提供土地利用規劃及水土保持處理之基本資料。經於該地區陡坡地天然闊葉林(A)、杉木林(B)、幼齡檳榔園(C)及成齡檳榔園(D)以及測滲計之杉木小區(E1)、檳榔小區(E2)及雜草小區(E3)，分別採集土壤樣本，在室內測定分析其水文及物理性質，藉以比較其差異，並以Wischmeier土壤沖蝕性線解圖推定各樣區土壤之相對沖蝕性。結果獲知上述A,B,C,D四處樣區土壤孔隙度均在50%以上，有助入滲及地表下水分移動；土壤之保水容量亦大，在1/3 bar時，土壤水分含量達35%以上，且最大含水量均大於65%；土壤有機質含量均高，在4.41-7.11%之間，其中幼齡檳榔園土壤有機質含量最低，似與開墾種植檳榔有關；土壞水穩性團粒粒徑平均值在7.8-14.5mm之間，顯示土壤之相對抗蝕力甚高。又天然林地、杉木林地及成齡檳榔園之土壞沖蝕性 K 值皆低於0.20，屬低沖蝕性土壤；而幼齡檳榔園土壤之K值為0.34，較前三者為高，屬中沖蝕性土壤。測滲計三小區之土壤容重、孔隙度及保水容量差異小；土壞有機質含量差異較明顯，以檳榔小區最低，與栽植檳榔清除地面有機物有關；衫木小區及檳榔小區土壞之K值低於0.20，屬低沖蝕性土壞；雜草小區土壞之K值為0.25，屬中沖蝕性土壤。

關鍵字

檳榔 ； 土壤沖蝕性 ； 土壤水文性質 ； 陡坡地 ； 蓮華池 ； 水里溪集水區

並列摘要

Field soils on steep hillslopes covered by natural hardwoods, China-fir and young and old betel palms and soils in the lysimeter with three small plots planted with China-fir, betel palm and weeds in Lien-hua-chi area, upstream of Sui-li-chi watershed in central Taiwan, were sampled for laboratory analyses to determine the effects of different land uses on their hydrological properties and to estimate their erodibility (K values) using Wischmeier and associates nomograph. The results show that the porosity of the field soils studied was higher than 50%, indicating high infiltration and water-holding capacity. Soil moisture contents at 1/3 bar were more than 35% and the maximum water contents of the soils were over 65%. The organic matter contents in the soils ranged from 4.41-7.11%. The lowest one was measured at the young betel palm soils. This could be caused by conversion of China-fir to betel palms. The sizes of water-stable aggregates of the soils ranged from 7.8 to 14.5 mm and thus may provide high resistance to water erosion. The K values of both soils at natural hardwoods and China-fir stand were lower than 0.20 while that of soils at betel palm was 0.34, the highest. The plot soils in the lysimeter had small differences in bulk density, porosity and water-holding capacity. The differences in organic matter contents were quite significant and the lowest was measured at the betel palm plot which was cleared for planting in July 1990. The K values of both soils at China-fir and betel palm plots were lower than 0.20 while that of soils at weeds plot was 0.25.

並列關鍵字

betel palm ； soil erodibility ； soil hydrological property ； steep slope ； Lien-hua-chi ； Sui-li-chi watershed