桉樹造林對土壤肥力之影響

Effect of Eucalyptus Plantations on Soil Fertility

程煒兒(Wei-Er Cheng) ； 洪富文(Fu-Wen Horng)

《林業試驗所研究報告季刊》 9卷3期 (1994/09) Pp. 241-256

https://doi.org/10.7075/BTFRI.199409.0241

摘要

本研究旨在探討桉樹造林對土壤肥力變化及其持續性之影響，藉以建立合理之林地養分經營，供桉樹造林參考。自1987年至1992年期間，於台東太麻里（赤桉）、電光（玫瑰桉、玫瑰桉與耳夾相思樹）、宜蘭礁溪（赤桉、玫瑰桉、玫瑰桉＊尾葉桉）、以及台中蓮華池（赤桉）等桉樹試驗地土壤從事定期養分迫蹤。經六年監測之結果如后：(l)桉樹栽植後土壤pH值提高，以蓮華池試區自pH3.6-3.8提昇至5.0-5.2之幅度最大；(2)桉樹栽植六年後，土壤全氮、可抽出性鉀、鈣、鎂在各試驗區土壤含量或增加，或維持不變。有效磷僅太麻里及電光混植耳夾相思樹區含量減少，其餘試區均增加；(3)玫瑰桉與耳夾相思樹混植，於初植前三年，土壤有機物、全氮、有效磷、可抽出性鉀均較玫瑰桉純林為高，而pH值則較低；(4)桉樹栽植六年後，土壤0-30cm深度土層養分（全氮、有效磷、可抽出性鉀、鈣、鎂），僅有效磷儲存量在太麻里試區減少59.40%，在電光試區減少43.3%，及可抽出性鈣在電光減少3.5%，其餘在各試驗區之各種養分儲存量均比栽植當年為高。

關鍵字

桉樹類 ； 土壤肥力

並列摘要

The objective of this study was to monitor the change of soil fertility after Ecualyptus planting. From 1987 to 1992, soil sample in eucalyptus trial plots at Tai-Ma-Li (E. camaldulensis), Dien-Kuan (E. grandis, mixed E. grandis and Acacia auriculiformis), Chiao-Shi CE. grandis, E. camaldulensis and E. grandis × E. urophylla), Lien-Hua-Chi (E. camaldulensis) were collected and analyzed once a year.
Over a 6-year period of eucalyptus planting, soil pH had increased at four study areas with Lien-Hua-Chi being the highest one, from pH 3.6-3.8 increasing to pH 5.0-5.2. The content of soil total nitrogen, extractable potassium, calcium and magnesium of four study areas became higher or unchanged as compared with the level at planting. The soil available phosphorus increased also, except at Tai-Ma-Li and the plot of Acacia-Eucalyptus mixed planting at Dien-Kuan area. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and extractable potassium in the mixed plot of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia auriculiformis were higher, but soil pH was lower than those in the pure Eucalyptus grandis plot, in the first three years. Nutrient amount in soil of 0-30 cm depth at four study areas have increased, except available phosphours of Tai-Ma-Li (reduced 59.4%), and Dien-Kuan (reduced 43.3%), and extractable calcium of Dien-Kuan (reduced 3.5%).

並列關鍵字

Eucalyptus ； Soil fertility