美國社會的公共資產－卡內基圖書館的歷史意涵

Public Property of American Society-The Historical Meaning of Carnegie Libraries

林慶弧(Ching-Hu Lin)

《臺北市立圖書館館訊》 31卷4期 (2014/06) Pp. 54-83

摘要

卡內基在19世紀末到20世紀初，捐贈美國數量龐大的公共圖書館，對美國社會與文化造成非常深遠的影響。本文探討卡內基在事業有成之後所從事的眾多慈善項目中，為何熱衷於捐贈公共圖書館的建設，與對圖書館事業的關心與支持，分析其動機和社會因素。卡內基獨創的捐贈圖書館模式，對當時的美國政府、社會和民眾產生許多觀念上的改變，值得深入研究探討；後來成立的卡內基基金會亦持續關注美國圖書館事業，進行多次的研究調查，皆對後來的圖書館營運產生變革，影響美國公共圖書館的發展。卡內基捐贈公共圖書館，可謂是圖書館發展史上，史無前例且影響深遠的事件，這些數量龐大的卡內基圖書館，是美國社會的寶貴公共文化資產。

關鍵字

卡內基 ； 卡內基圖書館 ； 美國公共圖書館 ； 圖書館事業

並列摘要

Andrew Carnegie (1835~1919) donated innumerable public libraries to the U.S.A. during the end of 19th Century and the beginning of 20th Century, and this has influenced deeply to American society and culture. This article is about to discuss why Carnegie was an enthusiast about donating public library buildings and caring and supporting Librarianship from many other kinds of charities, and to analyze his motives and social factors after he had been successful in his own business. The way Carnegie created to donate libraries at that time was a new conceptual change to American Government and the public. Later, Carnegie Foundation was established and incessantly cared and supported Librarianship. It was a big innovation of running libraries and deep influence to develop American public libraries after Carnegie Foundation doing many times of research. Carnegie donating public libraries is an unprecedented and influenced event in library development history. These innumerable Carnegie libraries are the precious public cultural property of American society.

並列關鍵字

Carnegie ； Carnegie Libraries ； American Public Libraries ； Librarianship

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