校級軍官高血壓調查初步報告

A Preliminary Study on Hypertensive Condition of the Chinese Army officers

左如梅(Z. M. Tso) ； 郁樂安(L. A. Yu) ； 何思道(S. T. Ho)

《Journal of Medical Sciences》 1卷3期 (1976/02) Pp. 321-329

摘要

自一九六四年迄今，臺灣省之生命統計中，每年死亡率最高的疾病為腦血管病變，而腦血管病變與高血壓之間有密切關係。據統計百分之八十五以上之腦血管病變患者有高血壓。在軍中，校級軍官體格檢查發現發病率最高者為高血壓。為了探討校級軍官高血壓發生的種種因素，因此做了一項回溯式問卷調查研究，其結果顯示如下：一、校級軍官接受過完整性健康檢查者，約八分之一的人有高血壓徵象。二、患者與其曾患有高血壓或腦溢血的家庭之關係，幾乎一半以上與父系有關，其次才為母系、同胞兄妹。三、患者高血壓開始發生的平均年齡為四十二歲。四、患者發現有血壓徵象，幾乎三分之二的人是由於體檢而發現的。五、幾乎四分之三的患者喜好吃含高膽固醇食物，三分之二的患者喜好吃含鈉量高的食物，二分之一的患者具有抽煙習慣，三分之一患者具有喝酒習慣。六、僅有四分之一的患者接受抗高血壓藥物的治療。七、患者為體重過重者，幾佔二分之一。八、患者平均舒張壓為102毫米汞柱；且隨著年齡增加，血壓亦有增高的趨勢。九、有一○五人次的患者具有X光檢查異常，有一九二人次的患者具有心電圖檢查異常。

並列摘要

An over-all physical examination for a part of field officers in the Chinese Army was taken since July 1973. The results showed that there are 12% of total examinee with signs of hypertension. A retrospective study with closed and opened end questionnaire method was carried out afterward. There were 2,450 sheets of questionnaire sent out to those who have high systolic blood pressure over 140 and diastolic blood pressure over 90 mm Hg. Among them, 1,408 or 57% patients replied.The questionnaire included family history, personal history, motivation of taking blood pressure in the first time, living habit, past history, present illness and the history of medication. In addition to these items, the medical data of patients were also examined. We paid much attention to the areas relating to hypertensive disease, namely, chest film, electrocardiogram, urinalysis, eye fundi examination and blood biochemistry.The preliminary results showed that about 20% of total examinee had signs of hypertension with a mean systolic blood pressure of 152 and a mean distolic blood pressure of 102 mm Hg. There was an averaged onset of hypertension at the age of 42 and hypertension tended to increase in severity with age. About 75% of patients had habit of taking food rich in cholesterol and salts. About 50% of the patients were overweight, in which 105 patients showed X-ray abnormalities and 192 patients showed abnormal EKG. Further studies are planned to complete this investigation.