空軍軍校學生視力之調查

Visual Acuity Survey among Cadets of the Air Force Military School

張嘉平(C. P. Chang) ； 謝欣然(H. J. Hsieh)

《Journal of Medical Sciences》 3卷4期 (1980/07) Pp. 1007-1013

摘要

由於學生近視人數日益增加，已直接影響各軍校的招生率，而空軍視力標準又較陸軍、海軍為高，故所受的影響最大。鑒於視力對空軍選兵與育才的重要性，本研究以空軍官校學生及中正預校空軍預備生為對象，進行視力及照明、教科書字體、印刷等因素之調查，結果與建議如下：1.空軍官校學生視力僅輕微減退（15.1%→16.2%）。2.中正預校空軍預備生視力似有嚴重減退現象（0→30.9%），但因其入學視力測量標準不一致，結果恐有偏差。3.空軍官校校舍除靠窗面照度過強外，一般白天光線良好，晚上照明則普遍不足；中正預校白天光線過強，晚上照明尚為理想。4.教科書如按字體、印刷、紙質、排版空間四項標準區分，則空軍官校約有10%不符理想；中正預校則大致合於要求。5.中正預校學生時值發育期，因體格發育期眼睛之屈光狀態隨年齡之增加而逐漸向正視、近視發展，故應隨時注意諸環境因素並避免視力過度使用，以預防近視之形成。

並列摘要

The high incidence of myopia made a great trouble in selection of pilot candidates form many years. The purpose of this study is to investigate visual acuity, illumination, textbook printing of the Air Force Academy (AFA) and Chung-Cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School (Chung-Cheng AFPS). Results and suggestions were made as follows:1. The incidence of visual defects from admission to the third year at the AFA was low. (15.1%→16.2%)2. The visual defects seemed serious for the Air Force Cadets of the Chung-Cheng AFPS (30.9%). But the visual tests at entrance were not standardized, it might be some errors in this result.3. Illumination in the daytime was adequate for the AFA, but too bright for the Chung-Cheng AFPS. While the illumination at night for the AFA was below the level.4. In the aspects of size of letters, consistency of print, thickness of paper and space of type-setting, 10% of textbooks for the AFA were out of our standard.5. As we know the shift from hypermetropia toward emmetropia or myopia is associated with continuing growth process (up to age 20), it is important to improve all the environmental conditions of the Chung-Cheng AFPS and watch over their vision carefully.