氣喘病的致病原理及其預防與治療之現況

Current Therapeutics and Preventive Interventions of Asthmatic Diseases Based on Immunopathogenesis

楊崑德(Kuender D. Yang)

《Journal of Medical Sciences》 16卷1期 (1995/08) Pp. 1-9

摘要

氣喘病的盛行率正快速在台灣增加，其死亡率也有增加的趨勢。由於醫學的進步，氣喘的致病原理也不再神秘，從早期的僅知氣道阻塞現象到近年來發現其為免疫調控異常而造成慢性發炎性疾病。藉著了解其致病原理，可進步提供有效預防與治療氣喘病的方法。一般相信氣喘病的遺傳傾向很高，但必須有環境因素的激發才會產生。目前氣喘病的遺傳体質存在於第6和第11對染色体已被概略知道；但在根本的基因治療仍不可行的情況下，尋找個人過敏原，避免過敏原，和控制調節過敏免疫反應仍是防治氣喘的重點。本文謹就其致病原理與預防和治療現況作一綜合論述。

關鍵字

氣喘 ； 致病原理 ； 預防 ； 治療

並列摘要

As progress in economic and social development, prevalence of asthma has dramatically increased in Taiwan, especially in Taipei City where the prevalence is up to 9.7% in general population. Moreover, mortality of asthma has also increased. It is not completely understood why the prevalence and mortality of asthma have increased. Some reports have addressed that far and wide use of selective β2 agonist but negligence of anti-inflammatory drugs such as steroid might, at least in part, contribute to the increased mortality in asthmatics.Studies based on immunology and genetic analysis have indicated that asthma is a hereditary disorder encoding in chromosome 6 and 12. An atopic individual who has this hereditary trait may develop asthma after sensitized with specific environmental allergens for one to several yeras. The mechanism of asthmatic attack is known due to immune-mediated inflammatory reactions resulting in bronchocontriction and infiltration of inflammatory cells such as mast cells and eosinophils. Based on immunopathogenesis and characteristics of imdividual allergens and hosts, we will highlight current therapeutics and safely preventive interventions in this article.

並列關鍵字

asthma ； immunopathoqenesis ； preventive intervention