Pharmacy Education in the United States: What Lies Ahead?

Jordan L. Cohen

《Journal of Medical Sciences》 28卷3期 (2008/06) Pp. 103-110

https://doi.org/10.6136/JMS.2008.28(3).103

並列摘要

Pharmacy education in the United States evolved from an apprentice model, originating in Europe in the Middle Ages to our present 4 year Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.) degree, requiring a minimum of 2 years of predoctoral collegiate education. 1 The incremental changes in the US that occurred over 150 years evolved in a very discontinuous fashion and were often prompted by changes in pharmacy practice or public expectations, although on occasion academics moved to change curricula prospectively in an effort to move practice forward. At nearly every stage, agreement was not easily obtained and even when some element of national consensus was achieved to alter the length and/or content of curricula and experiential education, many programs lagged several years before making the transition. A review of this evolution is instructive as we examine the changes in pharmacy practice and pharmacy education over time and try to use these reflections to anticipate and attempt to predict the directions we must now take as we envision an ever more rapidly changing health care and scientific landscape in the years ahead. This progression will also be helpful as pharmacy leaders in other countries examine the current status of both pharmacy practice and education and plan for the future.

並列關鍵字

Pharmacy education ； pharmaceutical syllabus ； Pharm. D. program ； history of pharmacy