台灣農業支持指標之估算及其政策意涵之探討

The Estimators and Policy Implications of Taiwan's Support Estimates

黃振德(Chen-Te Huang) ； 廖安定(Ain-Ding Liaw)

《農業與經濟》 36期 (2006/06) Pp. 139-174

摘要

本文旨在瞭解OECD農業支持指標（支持估計量）之意涵，計算台灣農業支持指標及進行國際比較，並由農業支持指標分析台灣農業政策之變動，以及導出農業政策調整方向與建議。計算結果1990年至2002年總平均PSE為27.2%，金額約相當於新台幣463億。1990年代初至2000年代初十年間，台灣的農業政策是朝國際化市場開放及農業政策自由化方向在調整，惟由於台灣仍維持稻米及雜糧價格支持政策，邊境管理措施改採關稅化或關稅配額代替，因此台灣PSE尚未明顯降低。未來國際貿易規範雖將逐步削減AMS、關稅、關稅配額等措施，但仍可透過提高國產農產品附加價值及反映農業之糧食安全、生態維護及國民休閒等多功能性價值來繼續支持農業，而這些均會使PSE、GSSE及TSE繼續提高。支持來源方面，MPS中來自政府預算（納稅人移轉支付）將減少，而改由國內消費者負擔，但納稅人移轉支付仍將因GSSE、直接給付及藍色措施的增加而增加。PSE等農業支持指標可用以衡量農業支持程度、區分支持來源及進行國際比較。但對於各年度農產品國內外價差過於敏感，使用及解讀時宜謹慎。

關鍵字

生產者支持估計量 ； 消費者支持估計量 ； 一般性支持估計量 ； 農業總支持估計量

並列摘要

This paper aims at introducing the methodology of ”Support Estimates” (SEs) which were redefined by OECD in 1999, calculating the SEs of Taiwan, comparing the PSE among Taiwan and OECD countries, and explaining the implication of these estimates. The outcome shows that the average PSE% of Taiwan during 1990 to 2002 was 27.2% with an equivalent of NT$ 46.3 billion. Though Taiwan had liberalized and internationalized the agricultural policies since 1990s, the PSE did not show significant decreasing since Taiwan still maintains price support for rice and some millet, and still has rather high tariff rate even having eliminated the constraints of import. The agreement of agriculture of WTO is supposed to keep liberalization, i.e. more market accession and reducing domestic support, but Taiwan will likely adopt value-added and multi-functionality of agriculture, including food safety, recreation farming, and nature conservation and shall surge the PSE、GSSE and TSE. The finances of market price support (MPS) shall increasingly pay by consumers, and the increasing finances of non-MPS (GSSE, direct payment, and blue box measures) shall pay by taxpayers. The SEs may be use to measure the support policy of agriculture, to catalog the financial source, to make a comparison among countries, but we should use them carefully since they have some weaknesses, e.g. they are too sensitive to the fluctuation of the price gap between domestic and foreign.

並列關鍵字

Producer support estimate (PSE) ； Consumer support estimate (CSE) ； General services support estimate (GSSE) ； Total support estimate (TSE)

參考文獻

吳榮杰、施順意()。

李舟生(2001)。OECD國家農業支持水準及其變動分析（一）。雜糧與畜產。333，20-31。

李舟生(2001)。OECD國家農業支持水準及其變動分析（二）。雜糧與畜產。334，27-32。

Ames, G. C. W.(1988).Estimates of Producer and Consumer Subsidy Equivalent-Government Intervention in Agriculture.Agricultural and Trade Analysis Division.

Ballenger, N.(1988).PSEs: What They Are and Their Role in Trade Negotiations.Choice.1,36-37.