森林碳給付政策之經濟分析

我國政府為因應氣候變化，2015年7月1日開始實施溫室氣體減量及管理法，第21條指出事業透過碳交易取得之排放額度應以來自國內優先，顯示國內碳交易市場供給面重要性。為使森林有效發揮碳匯外部效益，政府須使森林碳吸存轉為貨幣價值，以增加地主造林誘因。本研究建構臺灣森林碳吸存之給付模型，首先估計臺灣森林碳儲存與森林碳吸存量，並模擬租碳政策與購碳政策在臺灣之推行情況，考慮未導入儲量基線與導入儲量基線下，分析不同碳給付政策在臺灣推動之政策成本與政策效果。最後本研究綜合給付模型與模擬結果，提出政策建議給政府進行參考。

關鍵字

森林碳吸存；購碳政策；租碳政策；氣候變遷

並列摘要

In response to the climate change, our government has implemented the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act bill since 1 July 2015. In the Article 21, an enterprise's quota of carbon emissions through carbon trading should be from domestic regions as a priority. It shows the importance of supply side of carbon credits. To effectively manifest external benefits of forest carbon sinks, our government has to transform them into monetary value to increase landowners' afforestation incentives. This study built the forest carbon payment model and estimated the forest carbon storage and forest carbon sequestration in Taiwan. Then, this study simulated how the carbon rent policy and carbon purchase policy are implemented in Taiwan. This study also conducted both policies with or without baseline of carbon stock to analyze political cost and performance under different carbon subsidy policies promoted in Taiwan. Finally, this study based on the payment model and simulation results to propose polity suggestions to be provided as a reference for our government.