國中高、低成就學生心目中父母教養態度之分析

The Perceived Parental Attitudes of High-Achieving and Under-Achieving Junior High School Students

蘇建文(Chien-Wen Su)

《教育心理學報》 9期 (1976/06) Pp. 21-31

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19760601.2

摘要

本研究是以國中一年級高、普通及低成就學生爲對象，目的在於瞭解其心目中父母教養態度之差異。研究結果顯示，高成就學生與低成就學生心目中所知覺之父母教養態度有顯著之不同，高成就學生心目中，父母表現較多之愛護態度，此種趨勢尤以女生最爲明顯，並應用較多之精神獎勵方式與較少應用當衆羞辱或收囘愛情等精神懲罰方式。而低成就學生心目中，其父母較易表現拒絕與忽視的態度，較多應用精神懲罰方式。至於在保護、命令、寬鬆、物質獎勵與物質懲罰方面，高成就學生與低成就學生之反應則無顯著之差異。男女受試心目中父母教養態度有相當大的差異，男性受試多認爲其父母較具命令態度，應用較多之獎勵及懲罰，女性受試心目中卻認爲其父母較具愛護及寬鬆態度。受試對於父子關係問卷之反應與對於母子關係問卷之反應均頗爲一致，只是認爲母親較父親更具拒絕態度。

並列摘要

The purpose of present study is to understand whether there are any significant differences rental attitude between the parents of high-achieving and under-achieving junior high school students. Roe and Siegelman's Parent-child Relations Questionnaire (PCR) has been used as the instrument to measure the parental attitudes through the perception of students. The results shown, the differences of responses of between high-achieving and under-achieving students reach the level of significance on five out of the ten scales of PCR. They are loving, neglecting, rejecting, symbolic-love reward and symbolic-love punishment. Generally speaking, the high-achieving students have perceived their parents as showing more love and regard toward them and using symbolic-love reward more often in their child-rearing practices. On the contrarary, the under-achieving students have perceived their parents as being more neglecting and rejecting, using symbolic-love reward less often but using symbolic-love punishment more often. There have been no differences of responses between the high-achieving and under-achieving students on the scales of protecting, demanding, casual, physical reward and physical punishment.
There are significant differences in responses between sex, boys have perceived their parents as being more demanding, using both rewand and punishment more often in their childrearing practices than girls. Girls are more likely to perceive their parents as showing more love and care toward them than boys. The subjects' responses toward father-child relations questionnaire and mother-child relations questionnaire are basically the same except that mothers have been perceived as being more rejecting than the fathers.