父母教養行為與少年生活適應

The Perception of Parent-Child Relationships and It's Relation to Adjustment of Adolescent

陳小娥(Hsiao-Ngo Chen) ； 蘇建文(Chien-Wen Su)

《教育心理學報》 10期 (1978/06) Pp. 91-106

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19780601.9

摘要

本研究主要目的在探討父母教養方式與少年生活適應之關係，研究對象為台北市國中二年級男女學生321名，分中上社經濟階層及低社經階層組。研究結果顯示，不同社經階層受試對親子關係問卷之反應，顯然有別。中上社經階層父母較為愛護、保護、寬松、給予精神獎勵，而低社經階層父母較為拒絕、忽視，並應用較多的懲罰，中上社經階層女性受試適應較優於社經階層之女性受試。不論中上社經階層或你營房經階層，父母教養方式均與受試生活適應間有密切的關係。父母的積極性教養方式（包括愛護、保護、寬松、精神及物質獎勵等）與受試生活適應間呈現有顯著正相關關係。而父母的消極性教養方式（包括命令、拒絕、忽規、精神及物質懲罰等）則與受試生活適應間呈現顯著負相關關係。其中父母的愛護、命令、拒絕、忽視、精神懲罰及物質懲罰等教養方式都是重要的變項。女性受試之生活適應較易感受父母教養方式的影響。受試個人適應與父母教養的關係較社會適應密切。受試智力及生活適應之相關均未達顯著水準。受試智力與父母教養方式間亦多無顯著相關。

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore the existing relationships between the characteristic behaviors of child rearing practice of their parents and the personal and social adjustments of adolescent. 321 sophomores from six different junior high school in Taipei City are selected as subjects. They are further divided into upper and lower classes according to their socio-economic status. Both Parent-child Relation Questionnaire by Roe & Siegelman and Califarina test of personality are given to the subjects. According to their responses, the following results have been found.
1. Parents from upper and lower classes are different in their child rearing behaviors parents from upper class incline to be more loving, protecting, and using more psychological rewards than parents from lower class, parents from lower class, on the contrary, are more rejecting, neglecting and using more punishment than parents from upper class.
2. Generally speaking, girls from upper class have better personal and social adjustment than girls from lower. However, the same trend is not found is boys.
3. The personal and social adjustments of adolescent are very closely related to the characteristic behaviors of child rearing of their parents. Such variables as loving, protecting, causual, psychological and physical reward are positively currelated to the personal and social adjustments of adolescent. And parental demanding, neglecting, rejecting, psychological and physical punishment are negatively correlated to adolescents' personal and social adjustments.
4. Girls are more readilly to be influeneed by the child rearing behaviors of their parents than boys.
5. Parental child rearing behavior has deeper influences on the personal adjustment of adolescents than their social adjustment.
6.The subjects' intelligence is not related to their adjustment as well as their perceived parental child rearing behaviors.