兒童及青少年體格與基本體能之發展研究

A Study of Physique and Basic Physical Fitness of Chinese Children and Adolescents

邱維城(Wei-Cheng Chiu)

《教育心理學報》 12期 (1979/06) Pp. 35-49

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19790601.3

摘要

本研究報告是以國中及國小九個年級男女學生共一千九百九十五人爲對象，以橫斷式測驗其體格與基本體能，目的在了解其發展情形。研究結果顯示，除身高體重的發展，各年級之間的差異均已達非常顯著外，但坐高方面的差異雖已達非常顯著，尚不能說明青春期間是下肢生長較多，並且男女生發展情形不同。在基本體能方面，男生的力量發展由國小一年級至國中三年級繼續不斷增加，而女生卻因隨體重增加，力量測量的結果，反有逐漸減少的趨勢。柔軟性或腹肌力量的發展，男女生均隨年齡而逐漸增進，惟女生到國中二、三年級有退步的趨勢。速度的發展，男生大致隨年齡而進步，女生卻以國小五、六年級時的速度最快，國中一、二、三年級，反而有減慢的現象。動力的發展，男女生均隨年齡而增進，但女生不像男生的增加那樣明顯而穩定。敏捷性的發展，男女生均年齡而進步，但女生在各年齡階段均比男生差。投擲能力的發展，男女生由國小一年級至國中三年級都不斷繼續進步，但男生進步大於女生。耐力的發展，國小階段男女生均隨年齡而增加，到了國中，男生仍繼續進步，女生卻沒有什麽進步。本文乃整個研究計劃第一年之橫斷式測驗結果，尚有待進一步與第二和第三年縱貫式測驗結果作比較研究。

並列摘要

The purpose of this study so to use the cross-sectional approach to investigate the development of physique and basic physical fitness of Chinese children and adolescents. The total number of subjects are 1995 students sampled from the first year of primary school to the third year of junior high school.
The main findings of this study are as follows:
1. There are significant differences of body height and weight in sexes and grades.
2. Although there is significant difference of sitting height in sexes and grades, it does not identify the spurt growth of the length of lower limbs during the puberty years.
3. There is a steady increase of muscular strength (pull-ups; flexed-arm-hanging) development in boys from the first grade to the ninth grade, but girls sometimes decrease.
4. The flexibility (sit-up) in both sexes increase gradually, but girls have a tendency to decrease in the eighth and ninth grades.
5. The development of speed (50 meter sprint) in boys makes progress with years, but the speed in girls reaches at the top in the fifth and sixth grades and shows to slow down during the junior high school years.
6. There is a steady increase of muscular power (standing long jump) development in boys from the first grade to the ninth grade, but the increase in girls are not so clear and steady.
7. The development of agility (shuttle run) in both sexes makes progress with years, but all the years girls are slower than boys.
8. The development of coordination (soft-boll throw for distance) in both sexes makes steady progress from the first grade to the ninth grade, but boys make more progress than girls.
9. There is a steady increrse of endurance (endurance run) in both sexes during the years of primary school, but untill the years of junior high school boys continue to increase, girls are not.