兒童及青少年基本情緒之發展

Basic Emotional Development of Children and Adolescents

蘇建文(Chien-Wen Su)

《教育心理學報》 12期 (1979/06) Pp. 99-113

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19790601.7

摘要

本研究以1436名國小四年級至國中三年級學生爲對象，研究國小兒童及國中青少年基本情緒之發展，結果發現國小中高年級兒童及國中青少年最快樂的事是獲得學校及個人成就、歡度假日慶典及娛樂消遣活動等。他人的行爲、課業及學校活動，以及限制束縛與侵犯等則是引起憤怒之普遍因素，受試者懼怕的事物則以自然災害、孤獨黑暗、威脅個人安全的事情最多。引起悲傷的情境，由家人親友的生病與喪亡，擴展至自身的挫敗經驗。煩惱的事物大都集中於學校生活方面。引起基本情緒反應之情境，顯示出明顯之年級與性別差異。國小中高年級兒童及國中青少年表現情緒的方式，均以感性的行爲爲主，然而隨年級增加，理性的處理情緒的方式亦隨之增加。

並列摘要

Sense 1436 school children from grade 4 to grade 9 were sampled as to their self-expressed happinesses, angers, sadnesses, fears and worries and their reactions to these emotions. The subjects were divided into the elementary school group and the junior high school group. Their responses were analyzed and placed into specific categories. Both groups were compared by sex in each category for each five mentioned emotions. Certain differences were noticed between sexes and as well as between groups.
Generally speaking, the elementary school children tended to regard school success and personal achievement as the happiest experience in daily life. Holidays, festivals and recreational activities were the next two frequentlymentioned categories. For the adolescents, the same tendency was found. However, the percentage of the former category was increasing with age and those of the latter two categories were decreasing with age.
The most mentioned incidences of anger by the elementary school children were in the categories of behavior of other person, frustration derived from school work and personal restrictions. There were significant developmental changes, boys greeter than girls, in the categories of belongings broken or lost, behaviors of other person and being punished, nil increasing with age.
The most mentioned fears of the elementary school children were in the categories of natural disaster, being left alone in the dark, and accident, injury and threat to personal salty. For the adolescents, the above mentioned fears were decreasing along with age. Instead, the fears of school life and the future were increasing. Girls were more afraid of animals and darkness than hays.
The sad experiences of the subjects centered around the category of sickness and death of the members of the family. The percentage of this category was decreasing with age. On the other hand, the percentage of categoy of school life was increasing with age.
The most mentioned worries of the subjects were in the categories of school work, being punished, family life, peer relationship and personal weakness.
The major patterns of emotional responses were almost the same for both children and adolescents. They laughed while they were happy they cried, ran away or asked for help while they were in great fear. They attacked while they were angry. Withdrawal responses and positive responses to overcome the difficulties and frustrations were increasing with age.