我國兒童及青少年智力發展之研究

Intellectual Development of Chinese Children and Adolescents

簡茂發(Maw-Fa Chien)

《教育心理學報》 13期 (1980/06) Pp. 95-117

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19800601.8

摘要

本研究旨在探討我國國民敎育階段中兒童及青少年智力發展的情形。本文所述係三年連續性研究計畫中的第二年研究成果。研究對象取自臺北市和臺北縣兩所國民小學及兩所國民中學的學生，在原有樣本2098人中，再度接受「瑞文氏非文字推理測驗」者計688人，再度接受「修訂魏氏兒童智慧量表」者計427人，其中國小五年級學生和國中二年級學生另外接受「熟悉圖形配對測驗」、「認知能力測驗」。本研究主要的發現如下：㈠無論男生或女生，國小二年級、國小五年級和國中二年級學生的智力測驗分數之平均數皆顯著高於一年前測驗的結果，可見其智慧及組成能力均有逐年增長的趨勢。㈡國小前段的增長量較大，國小後段次之，國中階段較小；各段之間的差異大多達到顯著水準。㈢國小五年級和國中二年級學生在圖形綜合的認知能力上，男生顯著優於女生。㈣國小五年級和國中二年級學生的各項智力測驗分數與國語（文）、數學及智育總平均成績之間，皆有顯著的相關。

並列摘要

This is the second-year report of a three-year longitudinal study on the mental develop ment of Chinese children and adolescents in their school years. The subjects were 688 students sampled from two elementary schools and two junior high schools in Taipei area. Progressive Matrices, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, Cognitive Abilities Test, and Matching Familiar Figure Test were administered to the subjects. The data obtained were statistically treated by t test, analysis of variance, Scheffé method of multiple comparisons, and Pearson product-moment correlation.
The main findings of the study were as follows:
1. The mean scores of the 2nd, 5th, and 8th graders on PM and WISC-R were significantly higher than the mean scores obtained one year before.
2. With regard to the amount of intellectual growth, there were significant differences among elementary school children in lower grade level, upper grade level, and junior high school students.
3. There were significant correlations between intelligence and verbal, mathematical, and global academic achievements of the 5th and 8th graders.