大學教育環境與青年期自我統整形成關係的初步研究

Ego Identity Status in Chinese University Students: A Test of the Validity of Marcia's Categorization for Ego Identity

張春興(Chun-Hsing Chang) ； 黃淑芬

《教育心理學報》 15期 (1982/06) Pp. 31-46

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19820601.3

摘要

本研究係以青年心理學中新發展之「自我統整」觀念為理論基礎，以目前一般學者常採用之自我統整程度分級為標準，以職業導向為統整程度的依據，以具有代表性的大學生1117人為對象，以調查問卷為方法，分析探討我國大學生在校期間自我統整的情形以及與有關變項的關係。結果發現：(1)大學生中自我統整達於自主定向者僅四分之一；(2)參與社團活動者其自我統整較成熟；(3)學業成績較優者其自我統整較成熟；(4)有工作經驗者其自我統整較成熟；(5)自我確認的程度與自我統整程度有關，惟他主定向者的自我確認與自主定向者達於同樣的現象，有待進一步研究了解。

並列摘要

The university years are generally viewed as a time of major psychosocial growth. According to B. H. Erikson's psychosocial theory, the personality component that is most likely to be the focus of such growth is ego identity. Based on Eriksonian position James Marcia developed some techniques to measure college students' identity status in which four categories were identified. The purpose of this study is to test the validity of Marcia's categorization system in Chinese university environment. An identity status questionnaire concerning occupational and self-certainty was conducted with 1117 students (578 males, 539 females, 273 freshmen, 280 sophomors, 278 juniors, 286 seninrs) from two universities in Taipei. The results of the study indicated: (1) The proportions of different identity status were that 26.3% were identity achievers, 16.6% were foreclosues, 44.3% were moratoriums, and 12.6% were identity diffusions. (2) significant increase in the frequency of students in the identity achievement status with the increase from freshman to senior years. (3) There were more identity achievers in the student group who had work experiences. (4) The students who had higher academic status tend to be more identity achievrs. (5)The students who participated student's organizations tend to de more identity achievers. The problems concerning the methodblogy for furture reserch were discussed.