我國資賦優異兒童創造思考能力之研究

Creative Thinking Abilities of Gifted Children in Taiwan, Republic of China

簡茂發(Maw-Fa Chien)

《教育心理學報》 15期 (1982/06) Pp. 97-110

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19820601.7

摘要

本研究旨在了解我國國民敎育階段中資賦優異學生的創造思考能力，並與同年級中等智力水準的學生相互比較，就其流暢性、變通性與獨創性以及創造力與智力之關係加以探討，作爲因材施敎以培育人才之依據。
本研究主要對象爲國小四年級、六年級和國中二年級資賦優異學生，共計420名，取自台北市和台北縣四所國民小學及三所國民中學，其智商在130以上或在語文、科學等方面有優異表現且智商爲120以上者；並從上述學校中選出智商介於90至110之間的中等智力學生458名，作爲對照組，以便比較分析。本研究採用「國民智慧測驗甲類」、「普通分類測驗」、「比西智力量表」與「魏氏兒童智力量表」爲鑑别工具，以「托浪斯創造性思考測驗」（語文甲式）衡量受試者創造思考的流暢性、變通性和獨創性。所得資料經多因子變異數分析、趨向分析和多元廻歸分析的結果，獲致下列三項主要發現：（一）國小四年級、六年級和國中二年級資賦優異學生在創造思考的流暢性、變通性和獨創性等能力上，均顯著優於同年級中等智力學生。（二）資賦優異學生的創造思考能力隨年級升高而遞增，其直線趨向已達非常顯著水準。（三）資賦優異學生創造思考能力之發展，深受其智力、體能、人格特質及親子關係之影響。

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were to investigate creative thinking abilities of gifted children, to compare with those of children of average intelligence, and to explore the relationship between creativity and intelligence.
The subjects, 420 gifted children and 458 average children, were selected from four elementary schools and three junior high schools in Taipei area. General Classification Test, The Chinese Revision of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, The Chinese Revision of WISC-R, and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, Verbal, Form A were administered to the subjects. The obtained data were statistically treated by analysis of variance, trend analysis, and multiple regression analysis.
The main findings of the study were as follows:
1. In flueney, flexibility, and originality aspects of creative thinking, gifted fourth, sixth, and eighth grade children were significantly superior to their classmates of average intelligence.
2. Creative thinking abilities of gifted children tended to increase with increasing age.
3. There were significant correlations between creativity and intelligence, physical fitness, self-concept characteristics, as well as parent-child relationships.