探討內外在因素對個人創造力之影響

Explore the Impact of the External and Internal Factors on Personal Creativity

歐德淯(De-Yu Ou)

指導教授 ： 陳瑾儀

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700653

摘要

1950之前較少有學者進行創造力相關研究，直到Guilford於1950的美國心理學會大力倡導學者投入創造力之研究。隨著時代進步，企業所面臨的競爭與挑戰日益增多，企業欲維持競爭必須仰賴企業的創造力，而企業創造力則為整體員工創造力的集合。因此企業欲提升整體創造力，則必須要先提升員工之創造力。
而影響個人創造力主要可分為內在、外在因素兩大類，本研究想探討三個內在因素：性別、AB型人格特質、思考風格，以及一個外在因素：認知負荷，對個人創造力表現之影響。此外想探討三個內在因素於認知負荷情境上是否有交互作用進而影響個人創造力表現。
本研究將使用Bortner (1996) 所編著AB型人格特質量表衡量受測者人格特質傾向。以及思考風格上將使用鄭英耀等 (1999) 翻譯修訂之思考風格量表。衡量個人創造力表現將使用吳靜吉 (1998) 編著之「新編創造思考測驗」，其中的竹筷子的不尋常用途測驗。在模擬認知負荷情境，將分為兩組，於無認知負荷情境下，受測者無須記任何一組數字即可進行創造力測驗；有認知負荷情境下，進行創造思考測驗前受測者需記一組七位數的數字，待測驗結束後須要將這一組數字正確寫出。
研究結果發現，在單一的自變數下性別與AB型人格特質並不會影響個人創造力表現。思考風格中的不同司法型程度則會對個人的變通力、整體創造力有影響。而在認知負荷的情境下則是有認知負荷下之個人獨創力、整體創造力高於無認知負荷情境下。
此外三個內在因素於不同認知負荷情境下，性別與AB型人格特質並不會影響個人創造力表現。不同司法型程度於無認知負荷情境下，個人變通力會有顯著性差異，司法型程度中者會高於司法型程度高、低者。然而在有認知負荷情境下，司法型風格程度越高者其變通力、獨創力、整體創造力表現會高於司法型程度較低者。
本研究主要貢獻有兩點：一、適當的認知負荷情境可提升個人創造力表現。二、不同內在因素的個體在合適的環境下可有較高的創造力。

關鍵字

創造力 ； 性別 ； AB型人格特質 ； 思考風格 ； 認知負荷

並列摘要

Before 1950, fewer scholars were involved in the study of creativity until Guilford vigorously promoted the study of creativity at American Psychological Association in 1950. Nowadays, enterprises are facing more competition and challenges, to maintain the capability of competition they must rely on the creativity, and it came from the overall staffs. So if companies want to enhance the overall creativity, to enhance the creativity of employees is enssential.
And the impact of personal creativity can be divided into two categories: internal and external factors. This study explored three internal factors: gender, AB personality type, thinking style, and an external factor: cognitive load. In addition, we explored the three internal factors under different cognition load, since the interactive effect may influence the individual creativity.
Bortner (1996) compiled AB-type personality traits are applied in this study to measure the subject's personality traits. As well as thinking style, a revised scale from Zheng Yingyao et al. (1999) is applied, when measuring the performance of individual creations we use the unusual use test of bamboo chopsticks, "New Creative Thinking Test" which is generated by Wu Jingji (1998). In the condition of simulated cognitive load, subjects were divided into two groups. In non cognitive load situation, they do not need to memorize any numbers and do the creative test directly. In cognitive load situation, subjects need to memorize a set of seven-digit numbers before creative test. After completing the test, they must write down the correct numbers.
The results show that gender and AB personality traits do not affect personal creativity. One of the three thinking styles: judicial influences personal flexibility and overall creativity. And in the condition of cognitive load, personal originality and overall creativity are higher when subjects with cognitive load.
In addition, the three internal factors in different cognitive load condition, gender and AB personality traits do not affect the performance of individual creativity. Under the condition of non cognitive load, the intermediate judicial subjects have better performance in flexibility. However, under the condition of cognitive load, subjects with higher judicial scores have better performance in flexibility, originality, overall creativity.
Our research has two contributions: 1. Individuals under appropriate cognitive load show better performance in creativity. 2. Different internal factors under appropriate condition may improve individual creativity.

並列關鍵字

Creativity ； Gender ； Type A/B ； Thinking Styles ； Cognitive Load

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