國中學生的場地獨立性與性向、職業興趣及生活適應之關係

A Study of Multiple Aptitude, Occupational Preference and Adjustment between Field Independents and Field Dependents

陳淑美(Shoo-May Chen)

《教育心理學報》 18期 (1985/06) Pp. 149-167

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19850601.8

摘要

本研究的目的在以智力因素為控制變項，探討國中學生的場地獨立性與性向、職業興趣及生活適應的關係。以藏圖測驗為鑑别場地獨立性工具，對和平國中二年級學生五百七十六名施測，依其得分高低劃分場地獨立組和場地依賴組學生，各組進行智力之配對後，選出場地獨立組學生九十名，場地依賴組學生九十名，男女各半，共計一百八十名為受試。研究工具包括藏圖測驗，羅桑二氏非語文智力測驗、多元性向測驗、白氏職業興趣量表和少年人格測驗。所得資料以二因子多變項變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關分析，及典型相關分析等統計方法進行處理，發現下列結果：(1)國中學生場地獨立性與數字理解、知覺速度和空間形象等性向有顯著正相關，其相關程度以知覺速度最高，空間形象次之，數字理解再次之，男女均同。(2)男生的場地獨立性與機械、藝術等職業興趣有顯著正相關；女生則與機械、藝術和科學等職業興趣有顯著正相關。(3)男生的場地獨立性與學校關係及社團關係之適應有顯著負相關；女生則與個人價值意識、社會標準、社會適應及總適應等有顯著正相關。(4)場地獨立組學生的數字理解、知覺速度及空間形象等性向，顯著優於場地依賴組學生，而語文理解性向兩組間無顯著差異。(5)場地獨立組學生喜愛機械和藝術職業的興趣强度高於場地依賴組學生。(6)不同場地獨立性之學生，在生活適應方面無明顯差異。(7)男女學生在某些性向、職業興趣和生活適應方面有顯著不同，男生的知覺速度和空間形象等性向優於女生，男生對於機械職業之興趣强度高於女生，而對於行政及商業與個人服務職業之興趣强度却低於女生；女生的個人價值意識、退縮傾向等個人適應特質及社會標準、社會關係、反社會傾向、社會適應等特質優於男生。(8)多因素性向不能有意義的解釋國中學生的職業興趣和生活適應的變異。

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between field dependence and multiple aptitude, occupational preference and adjustment after intelligence was held constant.
Ninety field independents and ninety field dependents from one junior high school in Taipei area were selected as subjects. A battery of instruments including the Group Embedded Figures Test, the Chinese Revision of the Multi-level Edition of the Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test, the Multiple Aptitude Test and the California Test of Personality were administered to the subjects. The obtained data were statistically treated by MANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation and canonical correlation.
The main findings were as follows:
(1). There was relationship between field dependence and multiple aptitude: the field independents showed significantly higher numeral reasoning, perceptual speed and spatial ability than those of the field dependents.
(2) There was relationship between field dependence and some variables of occupational preference: the field independents selected more mechanical and esthetic preference than those of the filed dependents.
(3) There was no significant differences between field independents and field dependents in their personal and social adjustment.
(4) There was no significant influence of multiple aptitude on occupational preference and personal and social adjustment.