我國國中學生社交地位的預測

The Prediction of Sociometric Status Among Junior High School Students

張文哲(Wen-Jer Chang)

《教育心理學報》 18期 (1985/06) Pp. 169-190

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19850601.9

摘要

本研究作者認為班級社交地位的决定因素有其階段性。據此，本研究之目的在探討兩個問題：(1)在一學年期間班級互動之初期與末期、親和傾向、個人特質期許性、外表、態度相似性、與智力等因素對社交地位的決定力如何；(2)當學生留在本班時，其社交地位在一年內之穩定性如何；次年進入新班級時，其社交地位與在舊班級裹的社交地位的一致性又如何。
本研究為縱貫研究，為期兩年。受試者為臺北市12所國中一年級學生，其中男生160人，女生353人，第二年追踪10所國中裏的31名男生和64名女生。
複廻歸分析的結果顯示：在互動初期，個人特質期許性和主觀外表吸引力對男生而言都是決定社交地位的最重要因素。在後期，此二者對男生仍為最重要因素；但對女生，則個人特質期許性、主觀外表吸引力、智力，與親和傾向為最重要因素。在後期，學業成就無論對男生或女生都可增加對社交地位的預測力。若學生留在同一班級，一學年內初期與末期社交地位的相關在.42至.62間。若第二年的新班級包含極少的原來同班的同學，則這少數學生在兩學年相對應階段上的社交地位的相關在.55至.65間。

並列摘要

A two-year longitudinal investigation was conducted. The purposes of this study were to investigate the relative importance of affiliative tendency, personal trait desirability, physical attractiveness, attitude similarity, and intelligence in determination of sociometric status at two different times in one academic year, and to determine the stability of sociometric status when the students remain in the same class over the academic year and when they enter a relatively new class in the following year.
The subjects were 160 male and 353 female 7th-graders from 12 junior high schools in Taipei, Taiwan. In the second year, 31 males and 64 females in 10 schools were followed-up.
During the 3rd through 4th week of the first year, the subjects were given a series of instruments that included the Revised Interpersonal Judgment Scale, Personal Facts Scale, Personal Trait Rating Scale, the Attitude Questionnaire for Junior High School Students, and the Revised AGCT. The same procedure was repeated at the end of the academic year. In the second year, the Revised Interpersonal Judgment Scale was administered during the 3rd through 4th week, and again at the end of the academic year. Multiple regression methods were the principle forms of analysis.
The results indicate that, at the early stage of acquaintance, personal trait desirability and subjective physical attractiveness are the most important determinants of sociometric status for both males and females. At the later stage, those two variables continue to be the most important determinants for males, while for females, personal trait desirability, subjective physical attractiveness, intelligence, and affiliative tendency are the most important ones. Scholastic achievement increases prediction at the later stage for both males and females. If the membership of a class remains constant, the correlations between the socio metric status measured at the early stage and the late stage range from .42 to .62. If the membership changes so that only a small proportion of the original sample remains in the new group, the correlations of sociometric status at the corresponding stages of the two academic years range from .55 to .65.