國中生自我肯定與社會興趣之關係暨性別因素對不同情境自我肯定在友伴接納和人際吸引方面之影響

Relationship between Assertion and Social Interest, and Differential Reactions to Males' Versus Females' Assertion and Nonassertion

蔡順良(Shung-Liang Tsai)

《教育心理學報》 19期 (1986/05) Pp. 149-176

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19860601.8

摘要

本研究目的有四：㈠探討國中男女學生在不同情境自我肯定的性別差異情形。㈡探討不同情境自我肯定與社會興趣之關係。㈢探討性別因素對不同情境自我肯定和不自我肯定在友伴接納和人際吸引方面之影響。㈣綜合本研究結果，做爲設計國中生適用自我肯定訓練方案之參考。本研究之受試分別取自北市金華、明倫、明德、景美及北縣永和、福和等六所國中，計663人。本研究所採用之工具計有「個人生活態度綜合量表」、「Crandall社會興趣量表」、自編「情境測驗」和修訂「人際吸引量表」等。本研所蒐集之資料，經以單因子、二因子及四因子獨立樣本變異數分析、區別分析，及皮爾遜積差相關及二因子卡方考驗等統計方法進行分析。研究結果顯示：㈠整體性自我肯定，國中男女生之間沒有差異，但在人際衝突處理及消極性情感表達方面，男生比女生自我肯定；在一般及積極性情感表達方面，女生比男生自我肯定。㈡在消極性情感表達方面，社會興趣組別與性別之間有交互作用。㈢社會興趣與消極性情感表達、拒絕和自我肯定總分間有負相關。㈣以人際衝突處理／消極性情感表達、一般及積極性情感表達、拒絕等三個分數爲依變項可以有效區別高、低社會興趣組之國中生。㈤國中生對不同情境中個體自我肯定與不自我肯定的接納，會因選擇的情況不同而有所差異。㈥性別因素對不同情境自我肯定在人際吸引方面會有影響。研究者並根據本研究之結果提出兩項建議。

並列摘要

”Assertion” was a positive, situational behavioral trait, and related to mental health and adjustment. ”Social interest” was considered to be a key factor to adjustment by Alfred Adler. To find what relationship between assertion and social interest was one of purposes of this study. What difference between male and female on assertion was also examined in this study. And finally, this study wanted to investigate the differential reactions to males' versus females' assertion and nonassertion.
In this study, 663 subjects were sampled from the students of junior high schools. The dependent variables were the scores on assertion (included 4 subscores-i. e. interpersonal conflict resolution/negative expression, positive expression, refusal and request, and a total scale score), social interest and interpersonal attraction (included 3 subscores-i. e. likeability/consideration, competence, honesty/fair). And the independent variablse were the sex (subject's and model's), levels of social interest (high and low), types of situation (refusal and commendatory), model's behavior (assertion and nonassertion). The data were analyzed by one way, two way and four way ANOVA Pearson-product Correlation, Chi-square test and Disccriminant analysis The results indicated that there was a difference between male and female on different situational assertions. There was an action between subject's sex and levels of social interest on the score of interpersonal confict resolution/negative expression. Assertion was significantly correlated with social interest negatively. With the scores of situational assertions might be used to discriminate the levels of social interest availably, And the most important findings on differential reactions to males' versus females' assertion and nonassertion were quite similar to those of St. Lawrence's et al.(1985)