國中學生生涯建構系統之結構分析

The Structure Analysis of Career Consturct System for Junior High School Students

金樹人(Shuh-Ren Jin) ； 許宏彬(Hung-Bin Sheu)

《教育心理學報》 30卷2期 (1998/12) Pp. 59-99

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19980926

摘要

本研究採用Kelly(1955)的個人建構理論應用在國中學生的生涯選擇行爲上，主要有兩個目的：(1)設計用以研究國中學生生涯建構的生涯選擇方格，以探討一般國中學生據之判斷生涯選項、進行生涯決定時的一些重要想法；(2)其次，從這些重要想法之中，進一步的瞭解建構彼此之間的結構關係。
本研究之研究參與者爲48名台北縣市的國民中學三年級學生。本研究所採用的生涯選擇方格，係參考Wu(1997)改良自Kelly以三角比較法所進行的自陳式集成方格，加以調整設計，以適合國中學生使用。在國中學生的建構內容方面，抽取出廿個生涯建構。這些建構大多反映出外圍建構的工作價值。在生涯建構的結構分析部分，從生涯方格的五點量表以及焦點側面圖中，得到每一位研究受訪者分化性、統整性以及衝突性等三項結構指標。根據研究受訪者在各組生涯建構上的數量性資料，進行統計。三類結構指標所得之數據以平均數爲切截點，區分爲八大類：(1)原初A型(2)原初B型(3)慎思A型(4)慎思B型(5)明辨A型(6)明辨B型(7)篤行A型(8)篤行B型。分析的過程中，首先進行簡短的背景描述，其次呈現量化的數據，以及描述焦點側面圖上的資料出現情形。之後，針對該類型受訪者這三個結構指標的特性，描繪其生涯發展的狀態。最後，進一步評估與討論在進行該類型個案的諮商時，可能的方向與建議。

關鍵字

國中學生 ； 生涯建構系統

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore the content and the structure of the career construction systems of junior high students in Taiwan.
The research participants were forty-eight junior high students in grade three. A repertory grid technique based on Kelly's personal construct theory was carefully revised and adapted as research methods especially for the students in these ages. The participants were requested to finish a repertory grid and to accept an one-hour interview. Twenty constructs were extracted by the data of repertory grid and the text analyzed by the qualitative method of Hycner's (1985) phenomenological analysis of interview data, representing peripheral career values in its nature. As to the structure analyses, each participant's data was analyzed by the cognitive differentiation, cognitive integration, conflict ratio and the focus profile. Eight types of the participants were categorized by the degree of differentiation, integration and conflict ratio: Primitivity A, Primitivity B, Preemption A, Preemption B, Circumspection A, Circumspection B, Control A, and Control B. The nature of the career construction systems and the implications for counseling for different categories were suggested.

並列關鍵字

junior high school students ； career construction systems