景觀生態圖的重要性與應用性之回顧

The Review of the Importance and Application of Landscape Ecology Maps

洪得娟(Der-Jiuan Horng)

《戶外遊憩研究》 6卷3期 (1993/09) Pp. 97-128

https://doi.org/10.6130/JORS.1993.6(3)5

摘要

景觀生態圖是依據景觀生態分類原則，綜合表現景觀生態各要素之間相互關係，透過生態單元(ecological unit)的組合，反應空間分佈特徵的一種專題地圖；實質上可爲以景觀生態觀點，對土地進行分類製圖。若能完成區域規劃與土地使用計畫、生境保育及環境干擾及景觀生態設計與規劃，而將景觀中的自然因子、生物因子及人爲因素綜合考量，表現景觀或區域之綜合生態特性，以圖示說明；是研究景觀生態學的手段、工具，也是一項研究成果。植被是地球表面所有植物被覆的總稱，它是自然環境祖長期形成的歷史產物。陏著各地自然環境的不同便形成多種多樣的植被類型，而不同的植被類型也指示出不同的自然環境。因此吾人認爲若以植群－植相之植群綜合體，使之爲景觀分類之基礎，或是僅考慮植群在區域或景觀上的空間分佈，作爲景觀生態圖的疊圖圖件，亦可完成景觀生態圖。由植被圖中瞭解到不同的植群社會與不同的土地利用型態，於規劃時或保育計畫時可做一完整的景觀評估。因此景觀生態圖的重要性與應用，對於規劃、設計與保育上的生態意義更跨出一大步。

關鍵字

景觀生態圖 ； 生態單元 ； 生境 ； 選擇性景觀生態圖 ； 綜合性景觀生態圖 ； 景觀要素 ； 景觀元素 ； 植被圖 ； 植物社會 ； 鑲嵌塊體

並列摘要

A fundamental consideration in evaluating the land's potential response to management and resource production capability is the nature of the lands's biological and physical components and their combination (or integration) to form ecological units, also regerred to as ecosystems, or land systems, among others. Ecological units of different size suited to tne kinds of questions being asked at different levels of management decisions need to be identified and mapped. That is a landscape ecology map.A vegetation map is a map which shows the vegetation of some area and the supplementary information on site qualities, such as soils, ground water, and climate. One of the significant features of a vegetation map is that include every part of the landscape. As the map covers the entire area, communities and biotopes are observed. The phytosociological-floristic mapping could be one of the landscape ecology maps.The prerequisite for successful ecological planning and nature conservation strategies is knowledge of the biotopes, their ecological characteristics, location and distribution in the region and the composition of their plant and animal communities. In that manner, to shows how suitable protection, care and development can be planned on the basis of comprehensive landscape ecology map.

並列關鍵字

Landscape ecological map ； Ecological unit ； Ecotope ； Selective biotope map ； Comphresive biotope map ； Braun-Blanquet method ； Mosaic ； Vegetation map ； Plant community ； Landscape factors ； Landscape elements