以地方社會結構爲基礎探討居民對生態旅遊影響之認知

Discussing Perceptions of Local Community Residents on Ecotourism Impact from Social Structure Perspective

顏家芝(Jia-Jy Yen)

《戶外遊憩研究》 19卷3期 (2006/09) Pp. 69-98

https://doi.org/10.6130/JORS.2006.19(3)4

摘要

本研究目的乃以現階段生態旅遊發展爲基礎探討對鄉野社區社會文化面之影響，並建立生態旅遊對社會文化的影響構面。生態旅遊影響構面主要參考過去有關旅遊衝擊研究建立相關問項，並考慮社區結構中居民的親疏關係、互惠程度、與參與組織型態對生態旅遊影響面的關聯性。研究選擇不同族群組成與旅遊發展階段差異較大之三社區，即花蓮太魯閣族社區、內灣客家社區、及苗栗南庄之賽夏泰雅客家社區，爲調查對象。調查方法採家戶立意訪談方式，有效份數爲524份。研究結果發現，由相關問項所建立之探索性架構可分爲五構面，即生活干擾、實質負面影響、遷移作息影響、經濟活動、文化習俗干擾，這些構面均會受到社區結構的影響，社區結構愈緊密者其對生活干擾與遷移作息影響的認知愈低，而對經濟活動與文化習俗干擾的認知程度愈高。此外，經過模式驗證性分析後，發現試探性架構並不穩定，較穩定的生態旅遊影響架構爲一包含四因素及十四個變項的二階層模式，而其四因素爲：遷移作息影響、生活干擾、經濟影響、及環境干擾。其中各構面信度俱佳，惟在效度驗證上則僅以經濟影響符合標準。

關鍵字

社區結構 ； 原住民社區 ； 生態旅遊衝擊量表

並列摘要

The aim of this research is from the social culture aspects to investigate and construct a potential development model for ecotourism. The initial structure basically included related items from the previous literature review of tourism impact. Based on community structure, the research considered the effect of community reciprocal relationship, community intimacy, and local organization participation to the perception of impact by ecotourism. The survey was engaged in three different communities in order to compare their perceptions of ecotourism impact. These were Taroko tribe in Hwalien county, Hakkan community in Shinchu county, and Saisha, Taiya, Hakkan mixed communities in Miaoli county. The household purposive interview survey was engaged and a total of 542 valid questionnaires were received. The results showed the dimension condensed from exploratory factor analysis can be effectively influenced by community structure that is the closer the community structure is the less perception from the impacts of migration influence and life perspective. Further, a confirmative factor analysis was applied to analyze the results of the initial structure; the result found a revised form is more stable, which contained four factors and fourteen variables. These factors are 'migration influence', 'life impact', 'economic influence', and 'environmental impact'. When tested the reliability of the impact structure, the result showed all factors load highly coefficients; yet, there is only one factor which is economic influence factor passed the validity test.

並列關鍵字

Community structure ； native community ； ecotourism impact scale

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