- 學位論文
森林遊樂區遊客違法行為成因：綜合道德規範與防衛空間之觀點
Causes of Visitor Vandalism in Forest Recreation Areas: An Integrated Perspective of Moral Norm and Defensible Space Theories
摘要
本研究旨在探討，森林遊樂區遊客道德規範與防衛空間知覺對於違法行為的影響，進而歸納違法行為成因。遊客道德規範係由罪惡感、羞恥感、尷尬感等道德情緒與合理化違法行為的中立化技術形成；防衛空間知覺乃由環境形象知覺、四周環境知覺與象徵性阻礙知覺組成；至於違法行為種類，包括亂丟垃圾與攀折花木行為。本研究選擇墾丁森林遊樂區、藤枝森林遊樂區與雙流森林遊樂區作為研究地點；使用遊客道德規範、防衛空間知覺與違法行為問卷作為研究工具；採用立意取樣針對556位森林遊樂區遊客進行問卷調查（不包括前測460位遊客）；採取多元迴歸分析與迴歸作用機制圖，探討遊客道德規範與防衛空間知覺影響亂丟垃圾與攀折花木行為情形。迴歸分析結果指出，遊客道德規範與防衛空間知覺顯著地影響亂丟垃圾與攀折花木行為，亦即遊客道德規範愈高，則亂丟垃圾與攀折花木可能性愈低；遊客防衛空間知覺愈強，則亂丟垃圾與攀折花木可能性愈低。另外，迴歸作用機制圖進一步顯示，遊客道德規範與防衛空間知覺具干擾型交互作用，亦即當遊客具有高道德規範時，則無論遊客是否覺得自己在防衛空間中，都不會亂丟垃圾與攀折花木，可是當遊客道德規範偏低時，則遊客是否會亂丟垃圾與攀折花木，將取決於防衛空間知覺之強弱；當遊客覺得自己在防衛空間中，則不管遊客道德規範高低，都不會亂丟垃圾與攀折花木，不過當遊客覺得自己在防衛空間外，則遊客是否會亂丟垃圾與攀折花木，將取決於道德規範之高低。本研究進一步討論上述結果之實務意涵。
並列摘要
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of visitors’ moral norms and their perceptions of defensible space factors on vandalism in forest recreation areas. Moral norms include the moral emotions of guilt, shame, and embarrassment, together with techniques of neutralization intended to reduce the experience of these emotions. Perceived defensible space factors consist of perceived image, milieu, and symbolic barriers. The types of vandalism studied were littering and flower picking. Self-reported data was collected from 556 visitors to the Kenting, Tengchih, and Shuangliou forest recreation areas through questionnaires on moral norms, perceptions of defensible space factors, and vandalism. The data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis and slope analysis of response functions. The results indicated that visitors’ moral norms and their perceptions of defensible space factors significantly affected littering and flower picking. In addition, the results further showed the interference interaction between moral norms and perceived defensible space factors in a conditional effect plot. Specifically, visitors’ moral norms were not significantly related to littering and flower picking if they perceived higher defensible space factors, but their moral norms significantly influenced littering and flower picking if they perceived lower defensible space factors. Perceived defensible space factors were not significantly related to littering and flower picking for visitors with higher moral norms, but perceived defensible space factors significantly influenced littering and flower picking for visitors with lower moral norms. Implications of the results are discussed in the study.