《往年紀事》在近代俄國通史編著的意義

完成於十二世紀初的俄國史學經典《往年紀事》(Povest vremennykh let)，其重要性除了歷史最悠久，並對近代俄國的史學影響深遠。本文旨在探討《往年紀事》與近代俄國通史編著的關連及其意義。歷代對《往年紀事》的研究，多專注在其來源和內容的考證，至於它在史學史上的意義，則侷限於該書是十八世紀以前的編年史。十八世紀之後的俄國，因西化改革，學術興起，歷史撰寫的體例隨之轉變，由國內各地方獨立撰修的編年紀事體史籍，轉為概括全國整體的通史著作。在如此轉變下，《往年紀事》不僅提供國家歷史文化根源的一手史料，編著方法上也給予歷史學家無形的啟發。即使近代俄國歷史學家編寫國家史，早已脫離舊有的編年史方法，卻對《往年紀事》所敘述的民族起源的問題，持續深化探究，因而形成了新的方法和視野。雖然如此的新方法和視野，在二十世紀後隨著蘇聯歷史學的興起而消失，卻在境外為外國歷史學家繼續採用，讀者也因此能夠接觸到這部古老的中世紀史籍－《往年紀事》。

關鍵字

往年紀事Povest vremennykh let ；俄國史；俄國歷史學；東斯拉夫民族；索洛維約夫S. M. Soloviev

並列摘要

Povest vremennykh let, is a Russian historical classic. Besides its longstanding importance, it has exerted deep influences on modern Russian historiography. This article discusses the significance of PVL as well as the connection between PVL and the compilation of Modern Russian history. Previous researches on PVL mostly focused on verifying its origin and content, while the researches on its significance in the history of historiography existed in chronicles only up to the eighteenth century. After the eighteenth century, because of westernization, academic researches sprang up in Russia. Historical writings also changed, from local chronological style into national general researches. With this change, PVL provides the first source for the origin of national history cultures, and also inspires historians by its writing method. Even if modern Russian historians don’t follow old chronicle methods anymore, they still investigate the ethnic origins in PVL, thereby new methods and horizons are formed. Such new methods and views disappeared in Soviet historiography of the twentieth century, but they are still used abroad by foreign historians. Therefore, nowadays readers can read the medieval historical classic, Povest vremennykh let.