各行其是：「東南互保」與「兩廣獨立」中之各方政治籌謀

Dynamics of Different Political Policies: From Southeast Mutual Protection to Guangdong and Guangxi Independence

陳學然(Hok-Yin Chan)

《臺大歷史學報》 49期 (2012/06) Pp. 65-109

https://doi.org/10.6253/ntuhistory.2012.49.02

摘要

本文以庚子拳變為背景，觀察遠在倫敦的英國內閣如何在追求國際均勢格局下踐行其對華政策，同時探討駐華英官對中國政局的相應舉措。有關論述將以英人如何與東南督撫籌議「東南互保」、策動「兩廣獨立」，以遂其控制東南中國之目的為中心，觀察駐華英官、港英政府在推行有關計畫時，與英廷對華政策不協調之處。基本上，在審視中國大局或維護英國整體利益方面，英廷與駐華英官因所處位置不同而有差異，後者在與東南督撫交涉過程中，輕忽既定對華政策的具體落實情況，反而更多地表現伺機以動的政治籌謀。他們雖飽受在地危機感，但同時又因危見機，在未鄭重看待李鴻章等督撫的政治態度下各行其是。鑑於中國即將被瓜分，使他們急欲早著先機以建功績，在擴張轄區影響力或干涉中國主權上，比英廷的步伐走得更急更遠，最後逼使英廷率先打破刻意經營的東南和局，使英國在新世紀的遠東外交戰略處於被動位置。此外，就在英官大力擴張勢力範圍之際，孫中山也懷著自身政治理想與籌算投入庚子年（1900）波譎雲詭的政治浪潮，周旋於各派之間，為開展革命事業尋索機會，反映其掙扎求存的努力與嘗試。

關鍵字

東南互保 ； 兩廣獨立 ； 李鴻章 ； 孫中山 ； 港督卜力 ； 莎侯 ； 霍必瀾

並列摘要

This research explores the dynamics of the China policy discordance amongst the British Government, the British officials in China and the governors of Hong Kong Colonial Administration during the Boxer Rebellion of 1900. By focusing on how the British officials reached an agreement on ”Southeast Mutual Protection” with viceroys and governors in the eastern and southern Chinese provinces and how they instigated independence for Guangdong and Guangxi by controlling southern Chinese provinces as their main aim, this research aims to understand: (1) The underlying reasons behind the passive reactions of the British government towards her own China policy in the Far East; (2) The political stance reflecting the complexities of the political climate of the time that the British officials in China held in dealing with the viceroys and governors in the eastern and southern Chinese provinces; and (3) The role that Dr. Sun Yat-sen had played when interacting with Blake and Li Hong Zhang and the political means he used during the Boxer Rebellion. The findings provide insight into the reasons why various actors demonstrated discord in the implementation of the China policy and allow understanding of the real dynamics behind the causes of different political measures in the 1900s and the many complicated, underlying factors that affected them.

並列關鍵字

East South Mutual Protection ； Guangdong and Guangxi independent ； Li Hong Zhang ； Sun Yat-sen ； Henry Arthur Blake ； Marquess of Salisbury ； Pelham L. Warren

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