「發六百年來儒林所不及知者－全祖望續補《宋元學案》的學術史意義

朱熹編纂的《伊洛淵源錄》，固然開啓了中國學術史寫作的新頁，但他所建構的以周、張、程爲中心的學術傳承，卻也同時成爲南宋以下七百多年論述儒學發展的主要模式，其影響迄今不衰，儼然是宋以下學術發展的主要論述。全祖望在增補黃宗羲編輯的《宋元學案》時，儘管增補的部份形式上僅佔全學案的三分之一，卻獨具隻眼，提出許多迴異前人的意見。不僅擴大了全書的論述範圍，也使得《宋元學案》的內容趨於中肯平實，提供後人廣泛合理的思考空間，這是過去同類著作所做不到的，無怪乎全祖望頗以這部著作自豪，「予續南雷《宋儒學案》，旁搜不遺餘力，蓋有六百年來儒林所不及知，而予表而出之者。」本文之作，無意全面討論全祖望的學術思想，重點在論述與檢討全氏增補《宋儒學案》這部書時，透過《序錄》的寫作，新學案的增立、原學案的修定與補定，所呈現出他對宋代學術傳承的思考，其中有他對朱熹所建構學統的懷疑，也有他對宋代學術發展真相的探索，拾遺補闕補充前修之不足之處，更是所在多有。凡此種種，一言以蔽之，無非在打破宗派門戶藩籬成見，貫徹全氏本人「史以紀實，非其實者，非史也」的基本信念。

關鍵字

伊洛淵源錄；宋元學案；全祖望；朱熹

並列摘要

Yi Luo Yuan Yuan Lu, edited by Zhu Xi, is a record of the words and acts of Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao and their students. It opened a new page in Chinese academic writing history, elevating Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai and the Cheng brothers to the center of Confucianism's transmission in the Song Dynasty. This concept has been having a profound effect on the development of Confucianism, and is still regarded as authoritative today.Quan Zuwang in his edition of Song Yuan Xue An brings up many opinions distinct from those of Yi Luo Yuan Yuan Lu. His supplements only account for one third of this edition, but they provide readers with a wide and innovative viewpoint based on reasonable arguments. Well aware of this magnitude, Quan has proudly stated, ”I have researched broadly in order to supplement Hwang Zongxi's Song Ru Xue An; hence my edition is capable of presenting to readers the aspects of Confucianism which had remained unseen for six hundred years.”This study demonstrates how Quan performs his analysis of Confucian ism's transmission in his supplements to Song Ru Xue An. By making corrections, writing ”Xu Lu,” and creating new chapters, he investigates the development of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty and expresses his doubts about the academic tradition established by Zhu Xi. Consequently, he integrates the views of different Neo-Confucian schools when putting into practice his belief that ”history should record the truth; what is not true is not history.”