胡渭《易圖明辨》之論辨脈絡及經典詮釋

The Argument Context and the Interpretation of Classics of Hu Wei's Clear Recognition of the Diagrams in the Book of Changes

羅聖堡(Lo Sheng-Pao)

《臺大中文學報》 54期 (2016/09) Pp. 159-221

https://doi.org/10.6281/NTUCL.2016.09.54.04

摘要

胡渭（字胐明，1633-1714）《易圖明辨》為清初《易》學之名著。關於此書的學術史涵義，近代學者多從乾嘉漢學的角度，論其廓清舊說的價值，間接造成新學術的興起。本文則就學者個人的學術背景，《易圖明辨》之論辨特色，與其蘊含之經典詮釋，分析胐明的歷史定位。胐明生平主要是於徐乾學（1631-1694）幕府從事研究工作，徐乾學和納蘭性德編纂之《通志堂經解》，輯錄多種異於朱子學的《易》類論著，這導致圖書《易》學之學術公案，重新成為焦點問題。胐明與幕友徐善（1634-1691）的相關討論，是《易圖明辨》的撰作成因。析論全書的主要觀點，胐明認為，「河圖」、「洛書」可追溯至漢代流行之五行、九宮說；「先天圖」則與東漢以降之《參同契》或道教內丹學有關。對此，胐明的批評有所不同。他以五行、九宮、「河圖」、「洛書」為誤，但將《參同契》、內丹詮《易》、「先天圖．圓圖」視為《易》外別傳，部份接受《易》圖學說。另一方面，探賾《易圖明辨》之《易》學思想，《周易本義》釋〈繫辭傳〉「太極」、「兩儀」、「四象」、「八卦」諸語，兼有畫卦、揲蓍兩義，胐明反對畫卦之義，但取朱子揲蓍之法，重新詮釋經典內容；其對納甲圖說的討論，更是根據朱子說來考定舊圖、另作新詮。歸納全書的學說特徵，考辨「河圖」、「洛書」的部份，兼及批評漢代學說；在考辨「先天圖」與經典詮釋當中，實有接受朱子學之處。藉此判定《易圖明辨》的學術史涵義，胐明《易》學的歷史定位，當以過渡學者的特色為主。

關鍵字

河圖 ； 洛書 ； 徐善 ； 通志堂經解 ； 揲蓍

並列摘要

A Clear Recognition of the Diagrams in the Book of Changes by Hu Wei is a famous study of the Book of Changes in the early Qing dynasty. Modern scholars evaluate A Clear Recognition as an indirect cause of the rise of new academics. This paper analyzes its historical role by examining Hu's academic career and A Clear Recognition's argument features and interpretation of Chinese classics. Compiled by Xu Qian-Xue and Na-Lan Xing-De, the Commentaries of Chinese Classics from the Coherent-Aspiration Hall includes various commentaries of Book of Changes studies other than Zhu-Xi's, which brings the controversy of Book of Changes diagram book studies back into focus. As a researcher in Xu Qian-Xue's private bureaucracy, Hu has many discussions with his colleague Xu Shan, and this leads to the composition of A Clear Recognition. Hu analyzes the commentaries of A Clear Recognition and takes the view that the Yellow River Diagram and the Luo River Diagram originate from the theory of the five elements and the nine squares that has prevailed in the Han dynasty. He also deems that that the Prior Eight Trigrams is probably closely related to the Kinship of the Three or the internal alchemy in Daoism later than the Eastern Han dynasty. He sharply criticizes the correctness of the five elements, the nine squares, the Yellow River Diagram, and the Luo River Diagram. He considers the Kinship of the Three, the internal alchemy interpretation of the Book of Changes, and the Prior Bagua Diagram as supplementary commentaries of the Book of Changes. In his concepts, the diagram-book interpretations can partly be accepted. On the other hand, this paper explores the concept of A Clear Recognition and the relationship between Hu Wei and Zhu Xi's theories. The commentary Zhu makes on the Xi-Ci Commentary's terminology taiji 'supreme ultimate,' liang-yi 'two forms,' si-xiang 'four phenomena,' and ba-gua 'eight trigrams' explains both diagram drawing and divination. Hu opposes the diagram drawing part but reinterprets the Xi-Ci Commentary with Zhu's stalk divination method. He also makes a new interpretation of the Taking Jia Diagram Theory on the basis of Zhu's exposition. A Clear Recognition shows that Hu does textual research on the Yellow River Diagram and the Luo River Diagram and criticizes the theories in the Han dynasty. But when it comes to the Prior Bagua Diagram, Hu's interpretation is influenced by Zhu X. Therefore, Hu should be considered as a transition figure in the history of Book of Changes studies.

並列關鍵字

Yellow River Diagram ； Luo River Diagram ； Xu Shan ； Commentaries of Chinese Classics from the Coherent-Aspiration Hall ； stalk divination

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