方以智《流離草》的聚散悲歡與家國思索

方以智詩集《流離草》作於隆武元年（順治二年，1645）到永曆四年（順治七年，1650）之間，當時方以智流離在廣東、廣西、湖南、貴州等地，此書也是方以智寫於明朝的最後一部詩集。下文將從四個方向進行討論：先論「龍眠三子」的變化，崇禎時期，桐城方以智、周岐、孫臨三子並稱，但周岐與孫臨並未來到嶺南，三子的稱呼改由錢澄之、吳德操替代。其次，進一步論述方以智在流離歲月中的聚散，與徐潁、林詮、吳宜振諸子在戰亂中相逢，與雲間陳子龍卻生死兩別，動盪與不安，糾結於詩人心頭。接著，再由方以智和妻子潘翟、幼子方中履的會合，以及思念故鄉老父方孔炤、姑母方維儀、弟弟方其義，呈現家庭生活的渴望。最後討論方以智寫給瞿式耜以及詔使的詩作，詩中對於國家的思索雖然並未直接承擔，但這是時不可為的決定，有待方以智日後以生命來作驗證。

關鍵字

方以智；《流離草》；龍眠三子；陳子龍；瞿式耜

並列摘要

Poetry of drifting was written between the first year of Longwu (the second year of Shunzhi, 1645) and the fourth year of Yongli (seventh year of Shunzhi, 1650) by Fang Yizhi. At that time, Fang Yizhi was displaced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, and Guizhou. This was also the last poem collection written by Fang Yizhi in the Ming dynasty. The article will discuss four directions. Firstly, it discusses the development of ＂Sanzi (three men) in Longmian.＂ Fang Yizhi, Zhou Qi and Sun Lin in Tongcheng were named ＂sanzi＂ during the period of Chongzhen, but Zhou Qi and Sun Lin did not come to Lingnan afterwards, so they were replaced by Qian Chengzhi and Wu Decao. Secondly, it discusses Fang Yizhi's gathering and dispersing in the drifting years. He met with Xu Ying, Lin Quan and Wu Yizhen during the war, but was parted with Chen Zilong by death. The turbulence and restlessness tangled in the mind of the poet. Furthermore, this article reveals Fang Yizhi's longing for family life by studying his meeting with his wife Pan Di and the youngest son Fang Zhonglu, and his yearning of seeing his family members who were still in his hometown, that is, his father Fang Kongzhao, aunt Fang Weiyi and younger brother Fang Qiyi. Finally, the article discusses his poems to Qu Shisi and the imperial envoy. Fang Yizhi's desire of serving the imperial court, although couldn't be identified easily in these poems, has yet been exerted later in action in his later life.