離散與歸返－論王嘯平半自傳體小說中的流動身世與家國情懷

王嘯平是大陸著名作家王安憶的父親，其祖籍為福建同安，1919年出生於新加坡，1940年歸返中國。王嘯平在新加坡時期即積極參與當地華人的抗日救國活動，回國後亦投身於抗戰和革命活動中，畢生以戲劇和文藝工作為業，晚年寫作半自傳體小說《南洋悲歌》、《客自南洋來》及《和平歲月》，完整體現了小說男主角方浩瑞從南洋到中國的流動身世。本文即以這三部系列小說為研究對象，討論其中所呈現的南洋華僑的離散命運與家國認同，以及從離散到歸返，當方浩瑞這一海外孤兒重回中國母親的懷抱時，其間的「異客」之感又是從何而生？及至中共建國之後，方氏以一個「中國人」的身分回南洋探親，此時此刻，南洋之於他的意義為何？他又是如何看待自己流動、漂泊的一生？

關鍵字

離散；南洋；王嘯平；歸國華僑

並列摘要

Wang Xiao-Ping is the well-known Chinese writer Wang An-Yi's father, his ancestral home is located in the Fujian province, and was born in Singapore in 1919 and returned to China in 1940. Wang Xiao-Ping actively joined the activities held by the local overseas Chinese in Singapore, which were to resist the war against Japan. After coming back to China, he still threw himself into the revolutionary activities to resist the war and took the work of drama and literature as life-long career. In his old age, Wang wrote his semi-autobiography, ”The Sorrowful Songs from the Nanyang”, ”The Guest came from the Nanyang”, and ”The Peaceful Days”, which fully illustrated the hero Fang Hao-Rui's personal experiences from the Nanyang to China. The article takes these three novels as the objects of the research, and discusses the experiences of the overseas Chinese in the Southeast Asia and the national identity. Besides, as an overseas orphan coming back to the motherland China, how did the feelings of ”a stranger” come into being in the process of leaving and returning? After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Fang as a ”Chinese” coming back to Southeast Asia to visit his relatives, what does Southeast Asia mean to him? And how did he reflect his moving and drifting life?