卦體與卦主－王弼〈明彖〉篇釋論

Guati and Guazhu: An Explanation on Wang Bi's ＂Mingtuan＂

白輝洪(Bai, Hui-Hong)

《臺大中文學報》 72期 (2021/03) Pp. 59-99

https://doi.org/10.6281/NTUCL.202103_(72).0002

摘要

自湯用彤先生以來，王弼的〈明彖〉篇就頗受重視，並被一致地認為以「執一統眾」的哲學思想為基礎，且與有無論題相關連。然而這一看法面臨諸多難以克服的困難。實際上，〈明彖〉篇首先和主要是解釋學的。其開篇「統論一卦之體，明其所由之主」，指明了「卦體」與「卦主」及其間的「所由」。結合王弼易注可以發現，卦體指聖人在一卦中所指示出的變動趨勢，通常由卦辭來敘述；卦主是指如何推動、實現此一趨勢，通常由〈彖傳〉來敘述。故卦主對卦體的所由，正好與〈彖傳〉對卦辭的解釋性關係相一致。進一步地，〈明彖〉「統之有宗，會之有元」，指明在現實的變動中如何實踐以建立統一秩序，因而首先是一個實踐領域的論題，而非是在描述分殊之理與統體之理這一形上圖景。

關鍵字

卦體 ； 卦辭 ； 卦主 ； 〈彖傳〉 ； 解釋學

並列摘要

Since Prof. Tang Yongtong's studies, Wang Bi's ＂Mingtuan＂ has been valued and based on the philosophy ＂uniting the masses through the One＂ which relates with the proposition of you-wu. However, this viewpoint has been confronted with many problems. Factually, Wang's ＂Mingtuan＂ mainly is a work of hermeneutics. The sentence ＂collectively discussing the guati and showing its guazhu＂ indicates guati, guazhu and their relations. Through Wang's connation on Zhouyi, we know that guati means the tendency pointed out by the Saints and is usually expressed in guaci. Guazhu means how to promote the tendency and is usually expressed in ＂Tuanzhuan.＂ Guati therefore is to guazhu what guaci is to ＂Tuanzhuan.＂ Moreover, the ＂unity in the whole＂ in ＂Mingtuan＂ signifies how to act to establish a unified order in the constant change, not about the metaphysical issue of Many and One.

並列關鍵字

guati ； guaci ； guazhu ； ＂Tuanzhuan＂ ； hermeneutics

參考文獻

高齡芬：〈王弼《周易注》之主爻論述〉，《北臺國文學報》第2期（2005年6月）。

戴璉璋：〈王弼易學中的玄思〉，《中國文哲研究集刊》創刊號（1991年3月）。