《詩經》詮釋的虛與實－從「三星」毛鄭說出發

《詩經》「三星」做為議題焦點，可分別採樣於〈召南．小星〉、〈唐風．綢繆〉及〈小雅．苕之華〉，包括「嘒彼小星，三五在東」、「綢繆束薪／芻／楚，三星在天／戶／隅」、「牂羊墳首，三星在罶」。縱觀歷代，〈小星〉星說一度由實轉虛，王引之提出的「三五即參昴」頗待商榷，毛、韓兩派分立的「後宮進御」、「臣工當值」說則無妨並存。〈綢繆〉毛、鄭兩家婚時異說起先相持不下，爾後有淡化傾向，甚至轉往淫詩說發展。〈苕之華〉為周幽王末年怨刺詩，固無可疑，鄭《箋》指認「三星」即「心星」，則未必保持確解的地位，朱《傳》「三星無特指」的詮解再一次引領風騷。本文針對《詩經》「三星」，從毛《傳》、鄭《箋》出發，側重以〈召南．小星〉為考察重心，重加梳理其《詩》說演變軌跡，附帶則以〈綢繆〉及〈苕之華〉做為參照，期能釐清相關的《詩經》詮釋脈絡，歸結《詩經》學前後發展的若干規律，提供解《詩》借鑒。

關鍵字

詩經；三星；小星；綢繆；苕之華

並列摘要

The focus of this article is on "three stars" in Book of Songs, taking examples from "Small stars" (Southern shao), "Bundled firewood" (Songs of Tang), and "Trumpet creepers" (Minor odes). The topics include "small shining stars, three or five in the eastern sky," "bundle the firewood/dried hay/brambles, three stars in the sky/near the house/pass the corner by," "ewe sheep has a big head, and three stars shine upon the water in fish basket" and so on. Throughout the dynasties, the star theories of "Small stars" have evolved from reality into fiction. Wang Yinzhi's proposal on "Three stars are Shen star; five stars are Mao star" is quite open to discussion. Mao's and Han's separate theories of "queens and duchess serve princes" and "subject on duty in the royal court" seemed to coexist. In "Bundled firewood," at first, Mao's and Zheng's theories of marriage timing were at odds with each other. Later, the disagreement downplayed, and even turned into theories on poetry of lewd relationships among couples. "Trumpet creepers" is no doubt a poem depicting complaints about King You of Zhou and regrets toward the end of his reign. On the one hand, Zheng refers to "Three stars" as "Heart star," which may not uphold the accuracy of annotation. On the other hand, Zhu's interpretation of "Three stars have no specific references" once again leads the trend in academia. This article focuses on "three stars" in Book of Songs, starting from Mao's Mao shi gu xun chuan and Zheng's Mao shi jian. The research takes “Small stars" as the focus of investigation, and reorganizes the evolution of the theories on "Book of Songs," using "Bundled firewood" and "Trumpet creepers" as references. The article hopes to clarify the relevant interpretation of Book of Songs, to summarize various theories, and to provide a deeper interpretation.

並列關鍵字

Book of Songs ； three stars ； Small stars ； Bundled firewood ； Trumpet creepers

參考文獻

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